抚仙湖马料河人工湿地水质净化效果评估研究

从污染物去除百分率、污染物削减量及污染物表面负荷去除量等不同角度对抚仙湖马料河人工湿地的水质净化效果进行了分析,结果表明TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别约为60%、60%和50%,平均削减量约为14kg/d、5kg/d和1kg/d,去除污染物表面负荷平均为0.72g/m2.d、0.22g/m2.d、0.06g/m2.d。     

转化纤维素资源生成酒精的研究

研究了高温厌气的热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)转化纤维素物质直接生成酒精的过程,发酵产物除酒精外,还有乙酸、少量乳酸、H_2、CO_2和还原糖,还原糖的主要成份为木糖,纤维二糖和葡萄糖、诱变菌转化纤维素的能力与野生菌相比有明显提高,能发酵细小纤维、稻草和凤眼莲,酒精最大浓度可分别达4.0,3.2和9.3g/L。     

黄河(兰州段)水生生态系统中壬基酚的分布研究

壬基酚(NP)及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)是一类具有环境雌激素效应的有机污染物。研究了黄河兰州段水体中NP及NPnEO(n=1,2)的分布,测定了NP及NPnEO在河水和浮游植物、浮游动物、鱼类体中及沉积物中的含量。初步研究了黄河兰州段NP在水生生物体内的分布规律。结果表明在黄河兰州段水生生态系统中,水中NP2EO含量大于NP和NP1EO,各级生物体内的NP含量普遍高于NP1EO和NP2EO,并比水中高103~105倍,浮游动物及鱼体单位质量脂肪中的NP含量低于浮游植物单位脂肪中NP含量,沉积物中的NP浓度比水中高56.6~1 849.3倍。可见黄河兰州段水生生物对NP类污染物有生物积累作用,没有生物放大作用,NP类污染物会从水中转移到沉积物中,并在沉积物中积累。     

校园绿地系统景观生态异质性分析与质量评价

针对南京大学浦口新校园的生态景观实际，依据景观生态异质性原理，对校园绿地系统做出了景观生态定量分析和质量评价，结果表明绿地斑块丰富度不足，景观多样性较差和绿地廊道密度不够是存在的主要生态环境问题，是导致新建校园生态质量不高的主要因子，为了有效解决这些生态问题，本文对南京大学校园绿地系统今后进行优化和改建，提出了建设性的意见和修改方案。     

零电流示波电位滴定法测定水中氰化物

本文采用零电流示波电位滴定法,测定工业废水中的氰化物,最低检出限可达0.22mg/1,该法与比色法相比,有简便、快速,灵敏等优点。     

浙江省萧山市山一村生态良性循环与系统管理研究 Ⅵ.山地生态系统动态模拟

本文在林地植物区系组成、植被类型、森林资源、土壤养分调查的基础上,对山地土壤矿化过程、树木生长过程和山地生态系统进行了动态模拟,预测了该村山地土壤含氮量、落叶层重、草本层生物量、灌木层生物量、乔木生物量,山地土壤可利用氮量、氮矿化速率、系统氮变化量、系统生物与净增长量的年变化趋势,为该村林地的规划、开发利用和管理提供了科学依据。     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic actions of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus nigricans

By using a LKB2277 BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans growth at 25 degrees C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, half inhibitory concentration IC50 et al. are obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Rhizopus nigricans growth obviously, low concentration of Cu2+ has promoting action. The inhibitory sequence is Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+, half inhibitory concentration of them are Cd+ 0.8 micro g x ml(-1), Hg2+ 1.7 micro g x ml(-1), Pb2+ 48.0 micro g x ml(-1), Cu2+ 110 micro g x ml(-1). This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest.     

水解-混凝法处理糖蜜酒精废水试验

采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法对糖蜜酒精废水进行试验 ,研究投加优势菌的水解阶段的处理效果 ,同时 ,以 10 %碱式AlCl3为混凝剂 ,对水解段的出水进行混凝处理 ,并对处理条件进行研究。结果表明 ,采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法工艺处理该废水 ,可以取得 5 8%的CODCr去除率 ,且可去除一定的色度     

Enhanced degradation of chlorinated ethylenes in groundwater from a paint contaminated site by two-stage fluidized-bed reactor

Groundwater, used in this study, contaminated predominantly with aromatic compounds, was biologically treated in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) with immobilized cells. The aromatics were completely decomposed, while cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) were decomposed only approximately 20% and 5%, respectively. In these studies a significant improvement of the decomposition efficiency for chlorinated ethylenes was achieved by utilizing cometabolism. Methanol (MeOH) and toluene were used as the substrate in the case of one-stage reactor (Single Reactor). MeOH (187 mg l(-1)) increased the decomposition efficiency up to 40% and 60% for cis-DCE and TCE, respectively, while toluene (20 mg l(-1)) increased the decomposition efficiency of cis-DCE to 92% and the decomposition efficiency of TCE to 76%. In the case of two-stage reactor system (Reactor 1 and Reactor 2), MeOH and methane (CH4) were used as the substrate. In this system, cells grown on MeOH or CH4 in the Reactor 1 were continuously fed into Reactor 2 and groundwater was fed into Reactor 2 only. When MeOH (384 mg l(-1) d(-1)) was used as substrate the decomposition efficiency of cis-DCE and TCE were 60% and 70%, respectively. Similar decomposition efficiency was observed for a small amount of CH4 (19.3 mg l(-1) d(-1)).     

污泥颗粒化快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的探讨

厌氧氨氧化工艺处理成本低,被认为是有应用前景的废水脱氮技术.但是,厌氧氨氧化菌生长缓慢,厌氧氨氧化反应器启动困难.探讨了几种快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的方法,包括投加颗粒污泥、惰性载体、絮凝剂及多价阳离子等,并对其作用机理进行了分析.