Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

环境影响评价公众意见调查的真实性评价探讨

公众参与在环境影响评价中扮演着重要的角色,认真做好公众意见调查工作,可以促进环境影响评价工作公正、公开、公平地发展。虽然在建设项目环境影响评价工作中,公众参与起到了一定的积极作用,但是在公众参与的实际过程中,还是遇到了许多具体问题,本文对环境影响评价工作中公众意见调查的结果应如何评估,提出意见和建议。     

ABR反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)值和硫酸盐负荷对SO_4~(2-)去除影响

利用厌氧折流板反应器,分别考察了反应器启动,及不同COD/SO42-比值和硫酸盐负荷对模拟废水中SO42-去除的影响。实验在(32±0.1)℃,pH为6.0⁶.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 5006.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 500³ 500 mg/L),SO42-去除率逐渐下降,最低为60%,相反SO42-去除速率随着硫酸盐浓度的增加而增加,最大为7.98 kg(/m3.d);维持恒定的硫酸盐浓度(1 500 mg/L),逐渐缩短水力停留时间以提高反应器中硫酸盐负荷,SO42-去除率呈现先上升后下降的复杂变化趋势,当水力停留时间为6 h时,SO42-去除率达到最大;随着COD/SO42-比值的提高,硫酸盐去除能力增强,且反应体系对硫酸盐负荷的耐受能力也逐渐增强。     

无锡市大气中类二噁英多氯联苯污染水平

为了了解无锡市大气中类二噁英多氯联苯(Dioxin-like PCBs,DL-PCBs)水平,利用大流量空气采样器在无锡市分别采集了6个气相和6个颗粒相大气样品,气相色谱-质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定样品中12种类二噁英多氯联苯。结果显示,大气样品中∑_(12)DL-PCBs的总浓度(气相+颗粒相)为1157～2 747 fg/m³,平均浓度为1759 fg/m3,平均浓度为1759 fg/m³。其中,气相的浓度为11 124～2 721 fg/m3。其中,气相的浓度为11 124～2 721 fg/m³,平均值为1 701fg/m3,平均值为1 701fg/m³;颗粒相的浓度为26～143 fg/m3;颗粒相的浓度为26～143 fg/m³,平均值为58fg/m3,平均值为58fg/m³。气相中∑_(12)DL-PCB含量占总量的97%,而颗粒相仅占3%。DL-PCBs的总毒性当量(气相+颗粒相)为2.16～4.47fg TEQ/m3。气相中∑_(12)DL-PCB含量占总量的97%,而颗粒相仅占3%。DL-PCBs的总毒性当量(气相+颗粒相)为2.16～4.47fg TEQ/m³,平均值为3.53fg TEQ/m3,平均值为3.53fg TEQ/m³。DL-PCBs单体中PCB-118的浓度最高,平均占总浓度的54%,其次是PCB-105和PCB-77,PCB+81在所有样品中均未检出。在所有DL-PCBs中,毒性当量浓度的主要贡献者为PCB-126,其平均贡献率为95%,其次为PCB-169,平均贡献率为3%。     

水中氨氮测定不确定度的评定

采用蒸馏-中和滴定法测定水中氨氮,建立数学模型,找出影响不确定度的来源并进行各分量不确定度的评价,如实反映测量的置信度和准确度.     

矿区环境影响后评估理论支撑体系构建

介绍了矿区环境影响后评估理论体系研究的重要性,构建了一条主线,一个桥梁,二个基点和二条原则的理论体系框架,并分别对理论体系的主线、系统损伤机制和系统抵御机制进行了具体分析,指出了主线理论和两大机制所涉及的具体生态/经济学原理,最后总结了矿区环境影响后评估的理论支撑体系核心机理.     

呼和浩特市空气质量水平研究

采用数理统计方法,并结合现行和2012年2月新颁布的《环境空气质量标准》以及相应的空气质量评价方法,对实测数据进行分析和研究,结果表明:新、旧两种标准评价下均反映出颗粒物污染是影响研究地空气质量状况的主要原因.并且由于新标准比现行标准更为严格,使得空气质量综合评价结果中新标准评价下的空气质量优良天数比例少于现行标准评价下的优良天数比例.     

我国城市垃圾处理现状及问题分析

随着人口的增长和人们生活城市生活垃圾产量的增长,成分日趋复杂,危害也日益显露和突出,这种危害不是单方面的因素,而是全方面的因素所引起的,如生活水平质量的提高,消费观的改变,人们总体环保意识的欠缺等等,本文通过分析我国城市垃圾处理现状,提出一些切实可行的方法,一起规范和提高我国垃圾处理水平。     

原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌

对采用原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌进行了研究。试验结果表明：在锌浓度50．0～600．0mg/L之间,溶液锌含量与吸光度呈线性关系。线性回归方程为y＝0．000661x-0．0007,相关系数γ＝0．9998。方法检出限为25．0mg/L,相对标准误差（RSD）＜2．96％,加标回收率为92．5％～105％,与标准法的相对误差＜2．76％。