基于SKPCA与NEAT算法的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测

针对煤与瓦斯突出预测精度不足的问题,为了减少突出灾害的危害,提出了基于稀疏核主成分分析法(SKPCA)与增强拓扑神经进化算法(NEAT)的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测方法.通过核主成分分析法对突出非线性数据进行降维,然后对主成分数据进行稀疏化,减少原始数据中不重要元素对降维后主成分的影响.搭建增强拓扑神经进化网络(NEAT)预测模型,采用进化算法同时优化神经网络的权值和拓扑结构,得到最佳神经网络预测模型.将处理后的主成分数据输入模型预测突出危险指数,结果表明,该方法危险等级预测准确度达到98％,SKPCA-NEAT模型在煤与瓦斯突出预测上相比PCA和BP神经网络具有优势.     

有机物料添加对植物修复铬污染土壤的影响

为探讨有机物料添加对植物修复铬污染耕地土壤的强化效果,在联栋温室中进行室内培养试验和盆栽试验,利用Tessier连续提取法对添加牛粪、羊粪和玉米秸秆后的土壤中铬形态分布进行分析.通过S-N-K法、Pearson相关分析等研究添加有机物料后,紫羊茅和羽衣甘蓝对修复土壤的铬富集系数及铬去除率的影响,并探讨其与铬形态间的相互关系.结果表明,添加牛粪或羊粪的土壤中交换态铬分别比空白处理增加1.30％和0.98％.添加牛粪可显著提高紫羊茅和羽衣甘蓝的根干重和茎叶干重,添加羊粪或玉米秸秆仅可显著提高富集植物的茎叶干重,对根干重无显著影响.添加羊粪或牛粪处理的紫羊茅和羽衣甘蓝,修复土壤的铬富集系数均显著高于空白处理.添加玉米秸秆紫羊茅修复土壤的铬富集系数显著高于空白处理,羽衣甘蓝修复土壤的铬富集系数与空白处理无显著差异.3种有机物料的添加均能增强羽衣甘蓝和紫羊茅对铬污染土壤的修复效果,其中添加牛粪诱导强化羽衣甘蓝修复铬污染土壤的效果最佳,对土壤中铬的去除率达到19.62％.紫羊茅和羽衣甘蓝修复土壤的铬富集系数及铬去除率均与土壤交换态铬显著正相关,与碳酸盐结合态铬比例呈极显著负相关.有机物料,尤其是养殖废弃物的添加,能有效提高土壤中可交换态铬比例,进而提高植物修复铬污染土壤的效率.     

低温等离子体降解毕兹的反应机理研究

基于ReaxFF力场利用LAMMPS软件建立毕兹分子(QNB)的模型,模拟微观条件下等离子体降解毕兹的反应机理.通过模拟考察300 K恒温条件下毕兹在活性粒子作用下的行为.研究表明毕兹在O自由基作用下降解主要通过苯环活化开环、羟基夺氢反应以及奎宁环中N-O键的形成3个过程,·HO2、O2、NO、NO2这4种活性粒子在模拟中基本未对毕兹分子造成任何破坏.利用ReaxFF MD分子模拟方法对常温环境下等离子体降解毕兹反应机理研究的一个尝试,可为相关的毒剂降解试验机理分析、理论研究提供一定的参考.     

SMBR-IVCW系统处理高浓度综合污水

为了提高污水处理的质量和效率,将高效的生物处理技术--膜.生物反应器(SMBR)与生态净化技术--复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)进行有效复合而成的SMBR-IVCW复合系统应用于高浓度综合污水的高效处理与回用中.通过对不同水力负荷组合条件下SMBR-IVCW系统对污染物净化效果的比较,得到了该复合系统的较好水力组合条件.结果表明,SMBR-IVCW具有良好的净化功效及稳定性,SMBR单元在有机物的去除、硝化作用中起到主要贡献,而IVCW单元在反硝化脱氮、深度除磷等方面进一步补充,两者的有机结合能充分发挥各自的优势,并得到了较优的水力负荷组合条件:SMBR为1000L·d-1,IVCW为375mm·d～;在该条件下.SMBR-IVCW系统总停留时问为19.22h.处理后出水中CODcr、TP、NH 4-N浓度分别为11.0、0.086、0.44mg·L-1,均可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准(GB 3838.2002).SMBR-IVCW系统在此类污水处理方面具有良好的潜力.     

Bacterial diversity in activated sludge from a consecutively aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater

The bacterial diversity of activated sludge from submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. A 16S rDNA clone library was generated, and 150 clones were screened using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Of the screened clones, almost full-length 16S rDNA sequences of 64 clones were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with a database containing clone sequences from this study and bacterial rDNA sequences from NCBI for identification purposes. The 90.6% of the clones were a?l...     

Profiling of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing wastewater

A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the rea...     

活性碳为载体的生物反应器填埋场模拟实验研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生。通过模拟试验探讨了加装了活性炭载体的生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产气情况及COD,pH值、挥发性脂肪酸的变化趋势。试验证明添加活性炭做载体的反应器不仅有助于垃圾降解及渗滤液中COD。浓度的降低,而且填埋气中甲烷含量也较高;但是简单的两相型反应器却不利于甲烷气体的产生和CODCr的降解,这是由于其水解速度慢,水解反应时间长引起的。     

Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development in complex terrain

Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas H₂S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H₂S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H₂S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the H₂S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the H₂S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.     

Degradation of chlorinated phenols by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Chlorophenols (CPs), as important contaminants in groundwater, are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron received a great deal of attention because of its excellent performance in treating recalcitrant compounds. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were prepared using chemical reduction, and the reductive transformations of three kinds of chlorinated phenols (2-CP, 3-CP, and 4-CP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron under different conditions were investigated. The transformation process of the CPs was shown to be dechlorination first, then cleavage of the benzene ring. The removal efficiency of the CPs varied as follows: 2-CP > 3-CP > 4-CP. The reactivity of CPs was associated with their energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (E _LUMO). With the increase in initial concentrations of CPs, removal efficiency decreased a little. But the quantities of CPs reduced increased evidently. Temperature had influence on not only the removal efficiency, but also the transformation pathway. At higher temperatures, dechlorination occurred prior to benzene ring cleavage. At lower temperatures, however, the oxidation product was formed more easily. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 698–702 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

武汉月湖和莲花湖表层沉积物中持久性有机物的污染状况

采用气－质联用技术分析了武汉汉阳月湖和莲花湖的4个表层沉积物样品中的有机污染物,探讨了两湖沉积物受持久性有机物污染的程度。月湖中共检测出124种有机物,其中属环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物19种;莲花湖中共检测出186种有机物,环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物34种。主要污染物包括：酞酸酯、酯类、酚类、杂环和苯及其衍生物等。污染物浓度顺序为L1＞L2＞Y2＞Y1,莲花湖中有机物浓度明显高于月湖。两湖邻苯二甲酸酯的含量最高,占了污染物总量的96%~98%,邻苯二甲酸乙基己基酯（平均值 17 59903 ng/g 干重）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（平均值 2 515.76 ng/g 干重）是两湖沉积物中的主要酞酸酯类污染物。