人工湿地处理系统中多环芳烃的行为

采用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取的前处理技术,以气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC/MS）的分析方法,对我国北方永定河上游黑土洼人工湿地中多环芳烃污染的特征以及分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,该湿地系统以低环数多环芳烃污染为主,其中浓度最高的是菲和蒽,未检出高环数（5环、6环）多环芳烃.通过比较进水和出水的浓度,湿地系统总体上不能有效去除进水中的多环芳烃.但是比较不同工艺单元进出水浓度,复氧、植物根系及微生物等均影响到多环芳烃的去除效果,去除率在28%～65%之间.     

羟基自由基氧化降解水中土臭素的效率与机制

土臭素(Geosmin,GSM)是一种由蓝绿藻及放线菌产生,具有令人讨厌土霉味的化合物.地表水中存在土臭素,尽管量少,但因传统水处理工艺难以去除,大大降低了饮用水的感官质量.本文采用大气压强电场电离放电结合水力射流空化方式制备的羟基自由基(Hydroxyl radicals,·OH)对水中GSM进行氧化降解,研究了氧化剂投加剂量、接触时间因素的影响,并根据气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)全扫描获取的中间产物探讨了·OH氧化降解GSM的机制.实验结果表明:当氧化剂投加剂量为0.8 mg·L~(-1),管路中接触反应6 s,可把初始浓度100 ng·L~(-1)的GSM降解到10 ng·L~(-1)以下;提高氧化剂投加量至2.6 mg·L~(-1),接触反应180 s,可氧化降解500 ng·L~(-1)的GSM至10 ng·L~(-1)以下,达到我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006).在GSM水样中加入叔丁醇(Tertiary butyl alcohol,TBA)·OH淬灭剂,GSM氧化降解效果明显降低,间接证明了降解GSM的主要物质为·OH.对氧化降解GSM的中间产物分析表明·OH可以破坏GSM双环结构并最终将其矿化成CO_2和H_2O.     

氯酚类化合物对青鱼和细鳞斜颌鯝幼鱼的毒性

以我国特有青鱼和细鳞斜颌鯝为受试物种,利用其生命早期阶段的急性毒性LC50值和28d慢性生长抑制试验所获得的最大可接受浓度(MATC)评价了3种氯酚类化合物的毒性效应.实验结果显示,2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP),2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)和五氯酚(PCP)对青鱼和细鳞斜颌鯝的的96hLC50值分别为4.01(3.61～4.68)、1.22(1.12～1.31)、0.10(0.08～0.11)mg·mL-1和2.48(1.94～2.89)、1.10(0.38～1.36)、0.09(0.08～0.10)mg·mL-1,且3种氯酚类化合物对青鱼的毒性和细鳞斜颌鲴的毒性存在良好的线性相关性.根据化学物质对鱼类毒性分级标准,PCP对青鱼和细鳞斜颌鲴均为剧毒,2,4-DCP和2,4,6-TCP对青鱼和细鳞斜颌鲴均为高毒.青鱼对2,4-DCP,2,4,6-TCP和PCP的MATC分别为0.05mg·mL-1、0.10mg·mL-1和0.015mg·mL-1,对应的急慢性毒性比(ACR)分别为80.2、12.2和6.67;细鳞斜颌鲴对2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP的MATC分别为0.30mg·mL-1、0.15mg·mL-1和0.01mg·mL-1,对应ACR分别为8.27、7.33和9.00.     

广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案替代方案优选

规划环评的目的不是减小规划对环境的影响,而是通过比较,选出规划对环境影响最小的替代方案。本文运用AHP-模糊数学法,结合广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案,从大气环境、水环境、废弃物、资源承载力、资源能源消耗和生态环境保护等六个方面,合理选取指标,建立了方案布局合理性指标体系,并用AHP-模糊数学法对四种替代方案进行了计算,得出方案一的结果为77．44,方案二的结果为78．62,方案三的结果为78．23,方案四的结果为82．13。方案四为“零作为”方案,计算结果为环境本底参照值。论文以方案四为参照,同时结合各方案的隶属度,选出了最佳替代方案。     

衡阳丰乐五号西瓜空心畸形事件调查及气候影响分析

2009年6月衡阳丰乐五号西瓜出现空心、畸形现象,果农经济损失惨重。经相关部门多次调查发现,5月下旬持续低温阴雨天气是造成该事件发生的主要原因,栽培管理不当导致灾损进一步发展。历史数据分析表明,衡阳5月低温天气发生频率为67.57%,主要出现在上旬后期—中旬前期。进入新世纪以后,低温发生频率减少,强度减弱。对西瓜提前栽种似乎更加有利,但由此所带来的风险更大,为了保险起见,应大力推进设施栽培,采用小拱架双膜覆盖等栽培技术。     

衡阳市降水型地质灾害潜势预报预警方法初探

为提高衡阳市降水型地质灾害预报预警的针对性和时效性,本文利用1994—2007年衡阳市地质灾害个例资料和相应的降水资料,分析了地质灾害与降水的关系;划分了地质灾害易发区,并针对不同易发区确定了降水型地质灾害预报预警指标;对预报预警方法进行检验,并提出了改善建议。结果显示:衡阳市降水型地质灾害与前期降水强度、当日降水量等有着密切关系;建立的预报预警方法对衡阳市暴雨突发性地质灾害预报具有较好的地域针对性和准确性,将预报时效延长至24小时,对地质灾害的防御有着重要的现实意义。     

Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activity were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using a spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.     

衡阳近五十年暴雨气候特征和变化规律分析

利用统计分析、Morlet小波分析和墨西哥帽小波诊断方法,对近50n衡阳暴雨的时空变化进行分析,得到其变化规律和周期震荡的突变点,结果表明:衡阳暴雨分布不均,其中南、北部偏多,中部偏少,平均暴雨数为3.0次/n;≥100mm暴雨占暴雨总数的11.0%,特大暴雨较少出现;衡阳局地性暴雨占23.6%,主要以区域性和全市性暴...     

城市区域光热资源特征

利用昆明城内外辐射、风湿产测资料,分析了昆明地区光温的日变化规律、城内外差异等特征,获得了昆明市有丰富的可利用光热资源的结论。     

Relationship between groundwater cadmium and vicinity resident urine cadmium levels in the non-ferrous metal smelting area,China

● This study systematically examined the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● The study covered 211 UCL and sociological characteristic from nine groundwater samples. ● We found a significant positive correlation between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● Smoking status and education level also significantly affected UCL. Cadmium (Cd) has received widespread attention owing to its persistent toxicity and non-degradability. Cd in the human body is mainly absorbed from the external environment and is usually assessed using urinary Cd. Hunan Province is the heartland of the Chinese non-ferrous mining area, where several serious Cd pollution events have occurred, including high levels of Cd in the urine of residents. However, the environmental factors influencing high urinary Cd levels (UCLs) in nearby residents remain unclear. Therefore, 211 nearby residents’ UCLs and the corresponding sociological characteristics from nine groundwater samples in this area were analyzed using statistical analysis models. Groundwater Cd concentration ranged from 0.02 to 1.15 μg/L, aligning with class III of the national standard; the range of UCL of nearby residents was 0.37–36.60 μg/L, exceeding the national guideline of 0–2.5 μg/L. Groundwater Cd levels were positively correlated with the UCL (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient 95 % CI = 9.68, R² = 0.06). In addition, sociological characteristics, such as smoking status and education level, also affect UCL. All results indicate that local governments should strengthen the prevention and abatement of groundwater Cd pollution. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL using internal and external environmental exposure data. These findings provide essential bases for relevant departments to reduce Cd exposure in regions where the heavy metal industry is globally prevalent.