Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.     

紫外诱变优势菌处理含氯废水

采用紫外诱变技术选育高效降解菌，对未诱变菌和６株诱变菌进行含氯废水的降解性能实验。结果表明：紫外诱变的最佳时间是４０ｓ；变异优势菌４＾＃菌株对含氯废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＴＣ１（总氯）的去除率比未诱变优势菌０＾＃菌株分别提高１０％和２０％；变异菌菌株生长速度快，抗有机氯毒性大大提高。     

铁(Ⅲ)-羧酸配合物对水溶性染料的光化学脱色动力学的比较研究

铁-柠檬酸，铁-酒石酸，铁-丁二酸，铁-草酸配合物在高压汞灯（λmax＝313nm，250W）的照射下，能使活性艳红X－3B染料水溶液脱色。染料初始浓度在10mg／L～50mg／L时，染料脱色为动力学一级反应，脱色速率随初始浓度增大而降低。在pH2．0～3．0时铁-柠檬酸，铁-滴石酸，铁-丁二酸的染料溶液脱色效果较佳，在pH4．0时铁-草酸的染料溶液脱色效果最好。铁／羧酸盐配比对染料脱色速率也有影响。     

元谋、牟定地区红土化过程中金的富集机理

在对元谋县猛林沟、牟定县戍街两地红土化剖面的地质特征、次生矿物变化、主要元素及金含量变化进行研究的基础上．探讨了金在红土化剖面上的分布形式和红土化过程中全的活化、迁移及沉淀等的机理。笔者认为,区内保存完整的红土化剖面上存在金的双峰式富集,其中产于铁质硬壳层附近的上部金富集带是由于铁质胶体吸附的结果,而腐泥岩层附近的下部金富集带是由Eh变小、pH变大引起的;氧化还原作用是金活化、迁移、沉淀富集最重要的控制机制。     

季铵盐改性土壤对水中苯酚的吸附及机理研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＨＤＴＭＡ）对土壤进行了改性。结果表明，改必一时最适温度为５０￣５５℃，最适ＰＨ为中性最适ＨＤＴＭＡ浓度为１％，又考察了ＰＨ、改性土壤用量及振荡时间对吸附效果的影响，通过测定吸附等温线探讨了吸附机理。结果表明，ＰＨ＝３￣１０时，酚捐附去除率基本不变，当ＰＨ〉１０时，吸附效率随ＰＨ增大而提高。随着改性土壤用量的增加和振荡时间的延长。酚的去除率升高。改性土壤对苯酚的等温吸附规     

城市防震减灾对策的探讨

本文通过分析造成城市地震灾害严重的多种因素,从搞好建设工程的抗震设防、加强地震科普知识的宣传教育、推动城市社区地震应急救援志愿队和避难场所的建设四个方面提出了城市防震减灾的对策。     

浅论总量排污收费制度的实施效果

总量排污收费制度克服了原有收费制度的弊端，是我国排污收费制度改革的方向。本文以杭州市实施总量排污收费试点为例，证明了这项新的收费制度在促进企业治理污染，改善环境质量中所产生的作用。     

Adsorption and cosorption of cadmium and glyphosate on two soils with different characteristics

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (GPS; H3G) is a widely used pesticide throughout the world. It affects metal behaviors in soil-plant system due to its functional groups, which react with metal ions to form metal complexes. Adsorption and cosorption of cadmium and glyphosate on a Wushan soil (WS soil, Anthrosol) and a Zhuanhong soil (ZH soil, Udic Ferrisol) as affect by solution pH were studied by means of batch adsorption experiments. It indicated that the adsorption quantity of Cd or glyphosate was highly relevant to soil characteristics. The WS soil had higher adsorption capacity of Cd than the ZH soil, due to its high organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In contrast, the adsorption quantity of glyphosate on the WS soil was less than that on the ZH soil, because the WS soil has lower iron and aluminum oxides content but higher pH than the ZH soil. The herbicide glyphosate affected Cd adsorption on the two soils when they coexisted in a same soil solution, which was attributed to a glyphosate-induced pH-decrease and the corresponding decline in negative surface charges of the soil. Beside that, glyphosate reacted with solution Cd to form the water-soluble complexes that had lower affinity to soil surface in comparison with Cd itself. On the other hand, the presence of Cd in the soil solution also affected the adsorption of glyphosate on the soils. The presence of Cd increased adsorption quantity of glyphosate on the WS and ZH soils, which was resulted from the decrease of equilibrium solution pH caused by Cd2+ exchange with H+ ions of soil surface. In addition to that, glyphosate adsorption possibly takes place on sites where Cd was previously adsorbed and acted as a bridge between the soil and glyphosate.     

用聚硅酸铁铝对垃圾渗沥液进行预处理的研究

采用一种新型高效的无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)用于垃圾渗沥液亚滤装置的预处理。结果表明，在PSAF的投加量为150mg/L，pH为5．0和沉降时间为60min的条件下，混凝效果最佳，浊度去除率可达92％左右，色废去除率可达91％左右，CODcr去除率可达70％左右。同时探讨了该混凝剂处理垃圾渗沥液的反应机理。     

用氧化铝厂赤泥制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝

研究了以氧化铝厂赤泥为原料,在常压通氧条件下,用稀硫酸浸取制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝（PSAF）的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。该混凝剂用于处理工业废水,并与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的处理效果比较,CODCr和色度去除率分别提高约20％和28％,SS去除率提高约10％,同时,探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。