不同水淹条件下河岸带优势植物类群的生理与生态响应特征

为探究水淹胁迫下河岸带植物的生理和形态变化特征及其响应机制,以乐安河河岸带采集的优势植物类群狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、牛鞭草（Hemarthria altissima）、喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）和蓼子草（Polygonum hydropiper）为材料,在室内进行土壤盆栽培养,利用钢化玻璃水缸控制水位,设置对照、浸润、半淹、全淹4种不同水淹胁迫条件,测定不同胁迫周期各物种的叶绿素含量、光合指标、荧光参数、荧光成像的变化及形态学变化特征,分析各物种对水淹胁迫的抗逆响应.结果表明:短时间（7 d）水淹胁迫下,浸润组、半淹组和全淹组各植物的w（Chlt）（叶绿素总量）、P_n（净光合速率）、T_r（蒸腾速率）、QY_max（最大量子产率）、株高、叶片数等指标与对照组相比总体呈降低趋势,其中浸润组植物叶片中w（Chlt）、P_n、QY_max等均略高于对照组（CK）,而C_i（胞间CO₂浓度）呈上升趋势,NPQ_lss（非光化学淬灭）呈先降后升趋势;长时间（14 d）水淹胁迫下,各植物的上述生理、形态学指标的变化规律与短时间水淹胁迫下基本一致,其中全淹条件下各植物的w（Chlt）、P_n和叶片数在较短期水淹胁迫下大幅下降,各植物3个指标分别显著（P < 0.05）低于对照组,显著差异值分别为:狗牙根100%、100%、100%;牛鞭草62.3%、67.9%、63.8%;喜旱莲子草73.6%、83.2%、89.6%;蓼子草54.5%、100%、100%,狗牙根和蓼子草在全淹条件下接近死亡.研究显示,水淹胁迫对4种植物的生长有不同程度的抑制,同时植物也做出抵消胁迫的抗逆响应.      

抗锶放线菌的分子鉴定及对Sr~(2+)的吸附效果和初步吸附机理分析

从大亚湾核电站附近水体中分离筛选出一株抗锶放线菌(编号YF-64),研究了该菌株在不同环境参数条件下对锶的吸附效果和初步机理,通过形态和16S rDNA序列相结合的方法对菌株进行了分类鉴定,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析技术对菌株吸附前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制。结果表明,抗锶菌株隶属于天蓝黄链霉菌(基因序列登录号:JF901702),菌株对Sr~(2+)具有较强的吸附效果,根据数据显示,当接触时间为50 min,pH值为6,Sr~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg/L,摇床转速为120 r/min时,该菌株的吸附效果达到最佳为44.29 mg/g;FT-IR结果显示,JF901702菌株对Sr~(2+)的吸附主要是由细胞壁上的羟基,次甲基,羰基起主要吸附作用。由此可知,JF901702菌株可作为经济、高效、环境友好的生物吸附材料进行废水重金属处理。     

大气环境污染源治理产业化研究

文章介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化的实施方法,这种方法介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化管理,探讨了大气环境污染源治理项的投资,主要包括资金筹措方案,项目计划进度包括项目的总体目标、计划安排与阶段目标、企业的参与程度、产学研联合机制和其他必要的支撑和配套条件落实情况,只有在大气环境污染源治理产业化的过程中,各方面积极努力,各负其责,就一定能够做好大气环境污染源治理产业化的工作,保卫我们国家的大气环境.     

韶关市大气颗粒物多环芳烃的污染特征研究

采集韶关市PM10和PM2.5样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定了16种PAHs的质量浓度,分析了16种PAHs在PM2.5中的时空分布特征,研究16种PAHs在PM10和PM2.5中分布的差异.结果显示:PAHs在PM2.5中的季节性分布具有冬、夏季高,春、秋季低的特点,且苯并[a]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[c]芘、苯并[a]芘、荧蒽等在一年四季含量均较高;在空间上的分布显示交通区>工业区>商业区>居民区>休闲区.PAHs在PM2.5中的分布明显高于在PM10中的分布,在人为活动较为频繁的季节和区域,PAHs的含量明显增加.     

Design of single vertical tube falling-film evaporation basing on experiment

An experimental study for fluid hydrodynamic characteristics in thin water films falling down the outside of a vertical tube was performed with the analysis of several factors about the uniformity and stability of the film. Liquid evaporation is of major interest for many fields in process engineering. One of these is chemical process engineering, where evaporation of liquids and generation of super heated steam is mandatory for numerous processes. Generally, this is performed by the use of classical pool boiling and evaporation process equipment, providing relatively limited performance. The performance of the film distributor will affect the production capacity and service life of the evaporator. In this publication a novel falling-film distributor which is used annular gap and inlet tube rotated tangentially 270° to guarantee the film uniformity is presented. Experimental data suggested that there is optimum annular gap distance is between 1.5 and 2.0 mm and the spray density should be controlled between 250 and 700 kg m⁻¹ h⁻¹. Several suggestions for evaporator design are proposed.     

臭氧-活性炭工艺在炼化循环排污水处理中的应用＊

针对炼化企业循环排污水中有机污染物浓度不能满足脱盐处理工艺进水水质要求的问题,开展了臭氧氧化-活性炭吸附工艺去除循环排污水中有机污染物的研究。通过对两种处理工艺进行不同组合的实验结果得知:当反应时间控制在最佳值,臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附单独处理循环排污水时,COD去除率分别约为27%和20%,处理效率偏低;当两种工艺组合后,在臭氧浓度为12 mg/L、氧化时间20 min、吸附时间为10 min时,COD去除率则达到52%,组合工艺协同作用效果明显。     

加强高校网络管理工作的思考

在深入分析网络管理现状的基础上,从高校管理、服务的实际情况出发,通过广泛的调研、分析,全面阐述了在高校加强网络建设、网络管理和构建网络安全的必要性和重要性。     

Phosphorus runoff from sewage sludge applied to different slopes of lateritic soil

Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.     

Occurrence of selected antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River in various seasons, South China

The concentrations of six sulfonamides (SAs) and three tetracyclines (TCs) were investigated in Jiulongjiang River during the low water season and the high water season. They were monitored in both surface water and sediment. Total concentrations of all these antibiotics varied from 31 to 25,771 ng g(-1) in sediment samples. In water they ranged from 60 to 2607 ng L(-1) during the low water season and from ND (not detected) to 134 ng L(-1) during the high water season. At the sites nearby breeding farms, chlorotetracycline was found to have the highest concentration of 1036 ng L(-1) in water and 14,666 ng g(-1) in sediments. According to the published data, the concentrations of sulfamethazine, sulfameter and TCs at these sites were higher than that in most rivers. The concentrations during the low water season were tens to hundreds of times higher than that in the high water season. The lower concentrations of TCs in the high water season might result from both dilution and photo-degradation, while dilution and bio-degradation might lead to the lower concentrations of SAs. However, further study is needed to clarify the specific reasons. Concerning the relationship between sediment and water samples, the pseudo-partitioning values of TCs were much higher than SAs. It indicates that the TCs are prone to accumulate in the sediment.     

Spatial distribution, electron microscopy analysis of titanium and its correlation to heavy metals: occurrence and sources of titanium nanomaterials in surface sediments from Xiamen Bay, China

Titanium nanomaterials are likely to sink into sediments in substantial quantities due to their wide use in a number of applications for decades. To assess the potential environmental consequences, a better understanding is required of the occurrence and sources of titanium (Ti) nanomaterials in sediments. In this research, we provide the first report of the Ti concentrations and the morphology and composition of Ti-based solids in surface sediments from Xiamen Bay, China. Results indicated that the anthropogenic Ti concentrations in the surface sediments from Xiamen Bay reached approximately 2.74 g kg(-1). Ti nanomaterials could be found in sediments with elevated Ti concentrations, which were often aggregated to a few hundred nanometers (<300 nm) and were composed of several spherical particles, less than 50 nm in size, that were made solely of TiO(x). However, Ti particles (approx. 300-700 nm) could be also found in sediments with lower Ti concentrations, which were presumably components of the natural clay mineral kaolinite. Ti nanomaterials could be easily distributed in sediments associated with elevated levels of organic matter and preferentially attach to those sediments with elevated fine fractions. As a sentinel, or tracer, for other nanomaterials, the field-scale investigation of Ti nanomaterials would contribute to increasing our knowledge on the behavior of engineered nanomaterials in an aquatic environment.