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31.
Distribution of alkylphenols in the Pearl River Delta and adjacent northern South China Sea, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The occurrence of alkylphenols (APs) was investigated in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta and adjacent northern South China Sea. Most of the water samples contained detectable amounts of APs, ranging up to 0.628 microg l(-1) for nonylphenol (NP) and 0.068 microg l(-1) for octylphenol (OP). APs were found in all of the sediment samples with concentrations ranging from 59 to 7808 microg kg(-1) for NP and from 1 to 93 microg kg(-1) for OP. The Zhujiang River showed the highest concentrations of APs in both water and sediments. Significant decrease of APs concentrations going from the Zhujiang River to the Shiziyang River was observed. The Xijiang River contained concentrations of APs slightly higher in water but relatively lower in sediments than the Lingding Bay, which might be attributed to their different hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics. There was a decreasing trend of APs in water from the rivers to the estuary and further to the sea on the whole. In the Lingding Bay and its outer waters, concentrations of APs in sediments increased to a maximum and then decrease seaward, which was consistent with the distribution trend of the sediment organic carbon contents. Linear regression analyses showed the concentrations of APs were markedly correlated with the sediment organic carbon contents, indicating that the sediment organic carbon is an important factor controlling the levels of APs in sediments. 相似文献
32.
Guocheng Hu Xiaojun Luo Fengchao Li Jiayin Dai Jianyang Guo Shejun Chen Cao Hong Bixian Mai Muqi Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):176-183
Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact. 相似文献
33.
34.
We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors
that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental
problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important
observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations.
The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when
using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with
the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic
simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations
in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot
and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and
di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its
precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area. 相似文献
35.
我国造纸行业清洁生产的思路及案例分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在分析我国造纸行业的污染现状及治理现状的基础,雌出了造纸行业清洁生产的初步思路框架,在该清洁生产思路的指导下,以茂名市造纸厂为案例进行了较为详细的分析,最后,提出了我国造纸行业实施可持续发展的战略措施。 相似文献
36.
Jiangping Wu Ying Zhang Xiaojun Luo Yazhe She Lehuan Yu Shejun Chen Bixian Mai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):183-194
Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended. 相似文献
37.
西安地区旅游景点水体卫生细菌学调查及保护对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以粪大肠菌和异养细菌总数做指标,对西安地区旅游景点水体的卫生细菌学状况进行了调查。结果表明,西安市区内旅游景点的人工湖、天然湖等大都受到不同程度的污染,而离市区较远、海拔较高的旅游景点则污染较轻。 相似文献
38.
39.
Gleason SM Faucette DT Toyofuku MM Torres CA Bagley CF 《Environmental management》2007,40(6):1016-1024
Acting under the auspices of the US Endangered Species Act, we quantified wind erosion and its effects on rare and common
plant species on a semi-arid military installation in Hawaii. Our goal was to develop management strategies, based on local
data, to aid the conservation of rare and common indigenous plants and their habitats. We collected windblown soil coming
off of roads and other disturbed soils to assess likely impacts to plants occurring at certain heights and distances from
disturbed surfaces. We then subjected plants in a glasshouse to windblown dust treatments, designed from our field data to
simulate erosion events, and evaluated the effect of these treatments on photosynthesis and survival. We also designed several
field experiments to examine the in-situ effects of windblown soil and soil substrate on germination, growth rate, and survival
of indigenous and nonindigenous plants. We conclude from these experiments that most direct effects of windblown soil to plants
can be effectively mitigated by locating roads and training areas at least 40 m from sensitive plant habitats and through
vegetation management to maintain at least 11% aerial cover on disturbed surfaces. Effects of soil type on germination, growth,
and survival was species-specific, emphasizing the importance of species trials prior to, or during, rehabilitation efforts. 相似文献
40.
Joy Onasch Paul ShoemakerHoa Mai Nguyen Cora Roelofs 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(5):408-413
The Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI), Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC), and Vietnamese American Initiative for Development (Viet-AID) have worked with small business sectors to reduce their use of toxic chemicals. Three cases, described here, in dry cleaning, auto shops and floor finishing share common approaches for creating successful models of effective dissemination of toxics use reduction in small businesses. These include direct business support, peer-to-peer training and promotion of alternatives, and collaborations with stakeholders to achieve greener businesses. These results were achieved despite predictable barriers of lack of resources, suspicion of safer alternatives, and language and cultural barriers. 相似文献