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71.
粗犷的电子垃圾拆解活动已造成当地野生生物多氯联苯(PCBs)严重污染,但PCBs在野生鸟类中的生物累积特征及潜在的毒害作用研究较少。本研究采集了广东省某电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟(Alcedo atthis)及其食物(各种小型鱼类)样品,研究翠鸟对PCBs的累积特征、生物放大效应及毒性风险。翠鸟肌肉中PCBs中值含量为220μg·g~(-1)脂重,比其他报道值高1~3个数量级。计算的生物放大因子(BMF)显示,大部分PCB单体的BMF值都大于1,表明翠鸟对PCBs具有生物放大效应。计算的共面PCBs毒性当量(TEQs)范围为39~23 600 pg·g~(-1)湿重,已经达到或超过了影响某些鸟类生殖或发育障碍的报道值。上述结果表明,电子垃圾拆卸活动已经造成了当地翠鸟PCBs严重污染,PCBs污染物对电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟及其他野生生物的毒性效应尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
72.
TiO2投加量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aro-clor1260的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在紫外灯照射下,催化剂TiO2的投入量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aroclor1260有显著的影响.但TiO2的投入量并不与Aroclor1260的降解速率成正比关系,而是有一个最佳投入量,在本文的实验条件下,这个最佳值为60mg(3g/L).TiO2的表面载银量越多,Aroclor1260的降解速率也越大,而且浓度相对较高的PCB单体化合物的降解速率大于浓度相对较低的PCB单体化合物的降解速率.对于多数PCB单体化合物而言,TiO2的催化活性随其表面载银量的增加而增强. 相似文献
73.
In order to understand the dynamic change of water quality in a specific period of time,a type of possibility transition matrix based on the theory of Markov process was established.The transition possibility with a weight to calculate the degree of absolute advancement was given based on the result of water quality evaluation,the concept of relative advancement was presented.It was used to evaluate the extent of water quality changed in a period of time.The method was used to calculate the degrees of relative advancement for 4 rivers in China,and the results were analyzed. 相似文献
74.
75.
Results of analysis of 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb on aerosol filters carried out from 1998 to 2010 in Monaco show that a weak correlation between activity concentrations of these radionuclides in the atmosphere and meteorological parameters has been found for 7Be and temperature (r = 0.50), 210Pb and temperature and humidity (r = 0.43 and 0.41, respectively), and 137Cs and precipitation (r = 0.51). The minimum and maximum 7Be activity concentrations were observed during 2000 and 2009, corresponding with the maximum and minimum solar activity, respectively. The maximum 137Cs activity concentration found in May-June 1998 was due to the accident at Algeciras in Spain. The deposition velocities of 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb depended on the precipitation rate, and attained maximum values during dry seasons. The investigated radionuclides may be used as atmospheric tracers, especially in long-term periods. 相似文献
76.
Mai Khiem Ryozo Ooka Hiroshi Hayami Hiroshi Yoshikado Hong Huang Yoichi Kawamoto 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(35):4463-4473
We have assessed the contributions of individual physical and chemical atmospheric processes on ozone formation under different weather conditions during a typical summer month (August 2005) using the MM5/CMAQ modelling system. We found that the ozone episodes in the Kanto region are dominated by three major patterns, of which Patterns I and II are regular summertime pressure patterns with a 26% and 16% frequency of occurrence, respectively. A process analysis at two typical sites in the Kanto region – one located in the central region of Tokyo and the other located in the rural areas of Kanto – indicates that ozone formation is mainly controlled by advection, vertical diffusion, dry deposition, and chemical processes. The ground-level ozone concentrations are enhanced mainly by the vertical mixing of ozone-rich air from aloft, whereas the dry deposition and chemical processes mainly deplete ozone. By investigating the effects of each process under different weather conditions, we found that the significant decrease in ozone removal due to the chemical and advection processes under conditions of high stagnation is the most important cause of the enhanced levels of ozone in the central region of Tokyo. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of ozone formation in the Kanto region, and they may be valuable for local policy makers for further development planning. 相似文献
77.
Species- and tissue-specific accumulation of Dechlorane Plus in three terrestrial passerine bird species from the Pearl River Delta, South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Little data is available on the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in terrestrial organisms. Three terrestrial passerine bird species, light-vented bulbul, long-tailed shrike, and oriental magpie-robin, were collected from rural and urban sites in the Pearl River Delta to analyze for the presence of DP and its dechlorinated products in muscle and liver tissues. The relationships between trophic level and concentration and isomeric composition of DP in birds were also investigated based on stable nitrogen isotope analysis. DP levels had a wide range from 3.9 to 930 ng g−1 lipid weight (lw) in muscle and from 7.0 to 1300 ng g−1 lw in liver. Anti-Cl11-DP and syn-Cl11-DP, two dechlorinated products of DP, were also detected in bird samples with concentrations ranged between not detected (nd)-41 and nd-7.6 ng g−1 lw, respectively. DP preferentially accumulated in liver rather than in muscle for all three bird species. Birds had significantly higher concentrations of DP in urban sites than in rural sites (mean, 300 vs 73 ng g−1 lw). The fractions of anti-DP (fanti) were higher in birds collected in rural sites than in urban sites. Significant positive correlation between DP levels and δ15N values but significant negative correlation between fanti and δ15N values were found for birds in both urban and rural sites, indicating that trophic level of birds play an important role in determining DP level and isomeric profile. 相似文献
78.
采用Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)对荧光增白剂废水IC出水进行中试实验研究。实验表明,在Fe2+投加量为0.003 mol/L,进水pH值为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]为4∶1,反应时间为2 h的条件下,Fenton氧化法对COD的去除率可以达到46%以上,出水BOD5/COD的值由0.26提高到0.58。氧化后废水进入前置反硝化生物脱氮系统进行生化处理,该系统采用间歇式进水,水力停留时间为2 d,实验结果表明,A/O系统对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达41%、90%以上和86%。该组合工艺对COD的总去除率可达到67%,出水氨氮在20 mg/L以下,总氮在37 mg/L以下。 相似文献
79.
Dioxin is the common name for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and is abbreviated as PCDD/Fs. In the case of Southern Vietnam, is of high concern dioxin contamination in the areas affected by past-use chemical defoliants. Our study related to the zone considered as a "hot spot"--Bien Hoa Airbase and surrounding areas (Bien Hung Lake). Although the war ended over 30 years ago, the adverse effects on this territory still continue. Soil and sediment were selected for our research as they act as a sink for PCDD/Fs. The samples were taken and analyzed in CECOTOX laboratory following certified procedures. The total amounts of PCDD/Fs (2,3,7,8 related congeners) in the samples were converted into WHO-TEQ and compared with standard values proposed by Canadian environmental quality guidelines. The obtained data shows a relatively high risk (up to 20.4 times higher than (probable effect level) PEL value for sediment and 46 times higher than standard value for soil). The research is continuing on the assessment of dioxin transport in food chain. Moreover, considering the obtained data a complete solution should be found urgently to solve the problem of dioxin contamination in the studied areas. 相似文献
80.
针对偶氮类有机物废水具有色度大,难降解的特点,以对二甲基氨基偶氮苯磺酸钠(甲基橙)为模拟研究对象,对水体系中铁炭微电解-Fe2+/K2S2O8降解甲基橙的方法进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出该方法各因素的影响程度,进一步通过单因素影响实验确定该方法的最佳条件是:铁炭微电解填料、FeSO4和K2S2O8投加量分别为300 g/L、1.3mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0。在最佳条件下,甲基橙COD和色度去除率分别能达到64.7%和68.2%。 相似文献