添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟齐对堆肥的影响

通过在高温好氧堆肥中分别添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂,研究接种3％o的VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂促进堆肥的作用效果。结果表明,接种VT菌剂的处理与空白和接种有机物料腐熟剂的处理相比,堆肥初期升温更快;高温期更长;堆肥结束时,C／N降低的多,NO3-N增加的多,NH4-N挥发的少,接种VT菌剂和VT有机物料腐熟剂都可促进有机质的充分降解,缩短堆肥时间,加快堆肥腐熟,提高堆肥肥力。     

商业SCR烟气脱硝催化剂钙中毒研究

使用2种不同浓度的前驱体溶液(Ca(NO3)2和Ca(CH3COO)2溶液)浸渍新鲜商业SCR(selective catalytic reduction)烟气脱硝催化剂,并对浸渍中毒后催化剂的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,物理中毒在本研究中占主导位置,化学中毒并不明显。采用离子色谱、氮气吸附-脱附分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫面电镜分析等多种表征技术对中毒后催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,中毒后催化剂孔结构性质发生了变化,特别是Ca(CH3COO)2溶液浸渍催化剂,内部孔道堵塞较为严重。X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜分析也从另一方面说明了CaCO3的出现及积累导致催化剂脱硝效率降低。此外,催化剂红外光谱分析从表面活性位的角度说明了本研究催化剂化学中毒现象并不明显。     

厌氧反应器废水资源化过程在线监测系统

为克服现行厌氧反应器状态离线分析的滞后性,充分利用资源,改进废水排放状态,研究了基于荧光光谱的废水资源化处理过程在线监测系统。系统以厌氧反应器中的关键产物色氨酸、核黄素及辅酶为主要检测组分,自动定位滤波轮并控制脉冲氙灯的闪烁次数,使用光电倍增管采集荧光信号。针对反应产物的混合体系,提出了将三维数据二维化的准三维荧光谱概念,优化获得了的3×3荧光强度矩阵,采用偏最小二乘法并优化其模型参数,实现了反应器中3种关键过程产物的实时在线检测、统计与分析,使其回收率范围达到85%至112%。     

活性炭-臭氧体系处理含氰废水的作用机理

针对活性炭催化臭氧化降解低质量浓度含氰废水体系,研究了活性炭吸附、催化作用在催化臭氧化体系中的作用,提出了吸附-催化臭氧化协同作用机理。在活性炭-臭氧体系中,活性炭吸附CN-的能力很弱,活性炭在反应体系中主要起了吸附、催化臭氧的作用。活性炭-臭氧体系降解CN-的过程是臭氧直接氧化、活性炭吸附臭氧与活性炭催化臭氧产生.OH自由基间接氧化三者共同作用的结果。     

Comparison of the cytotoxic responses of Escherichia coli (E. coli) AMC 198 to different fullerene suspensions (nC60)

Fullerenes are set to be produced on an industrial scale in anticipation of their wide applications. This calls for research on their environmental and health impacts. This study investigates and compares the cell toxicity of different aqueous fullerene aggregates. Popular C₆₀ dispersal methods were used to prepare four types of nC₆₀ aggregates. These aggregates were tested against the indicator species Escherichia coli (E. coli) AMC 198. With aggregates of around 150 nm in diameter, the THF/nC₆₀ suspension was very toxic and gave rise to a half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.54 mg L⁻¹ in E. coli. By contrast, the Tol/nC₆₀ suspension exhibited a cytoprotective role while the Aqu-N₂/nC₆₀ and Aqu-O₂/nC₆₀ suspensions enhanced the metabolism of E. coli. Although some toxicants, such as THF and THF-peroxide, were introduced into the THF/nC₆₀ suspension during the dispersion, the toxicity of nC₆₀ itself cannot be neglected.     

聚丙烯酰胺化学降解技术研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺化学降解技术是目前油田含聚污水处理的重要技术之一,包括氧化降解法、光降解法和光催化降解法。文章介绍了此项技术在降解机理和应用方面的研究进展,并通过实验证明了聚丙烯酰胺氧化降解和光降解的可行性,对油田污水中聚丙烯酰胺的化学降解处理具有一定的指导意义。     

Characterization of mercury species in brown and white rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in water-saving paddies

In China, total Hg (Hg_T) and methylmercury (MeHg) were quantified in rice grain grown in three sites using water-saving rice cultivation methods, and in one Hg-contaminated site, where rice was grown under flooded conditions. Polished white rice concentrations of Hg_T (water-saving: 3.3 ± 1.6 ng/g; flooded: 110 ± 9.2 ng/g) and MeHg (water-saving 1.3 ± 0.56 ng/g; flooded: 12 ± 2.4 ng/g) were positively correlated with root-soil Hg_T and MeHg contents (Hg_T: r² = 0.97, MeHg: r² = 0.87, p < 0.05 for both), which suggested a portion of Hg species in rice grain was derived from the soil, and translocation of Hg species from soil to rice grain was independent of irrigation practices and Hg levels, although other factors may be important. Concentrations of Hg_T and other trace elements were significantly higher in unmilled brown rice (p < 0.05), while MeHg content was similar (p > 0.20), indicating MeHg infiltrated the endosperm (i.e., white rice) more efficiently than inorganic Hg(II).     

Ozone-enhanced catalytic oxidation of monochlorobenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In this study, we examined the experimental catalytic oxidation of gaseous monochlorobenzene (MCBz) with O₃ over Fe₂O₃ in a packed bed reactor to investigate the feasibility of economical low temperature decomposition at a high space velocity (SV). We investigated the effects of several reaction parameters (temperature, O₃ concentration, and SV) on the MCBz oxidation. At 150 °C, the conversion of MCBz over Fe₂O₃ in the absence of O₃ was only 3%; it increased to 91% over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of 1200 ppm of O₃ at a high SV of 83 s⁻¹. A long-term operation study revealed that the conversion of MCBz was stable for more than 96 h. In the steady state, the carbon and chlorine balances were 88% and 86%, respectively. Applying a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, we estimated an activation energy of 16.7 kJ mol⁻¹ for MCBz oxidation over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of O₃.     

水合肼改性淀粉去除废水中的重金属离子

以木薯淀粉为原料、硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯接枝淀粉;用水合肼对其进行改性,合成了具有氨基功能团的改性淀粉。将改性淀粉用于对多种单一重金属离子和混合重金属离子的去除。在混合重金属离子溶液中,在室温、改性淀粉加入量为7.0g/L、重金属离子质量浓度为30mg/L、反应时间为120min的条件下,混合液pH为3～7时,改性淀粉对Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的去除率均达99.9%以上;混合液pH为4时,改性淀粉对Cr6+的去除率达73.2%。     

废弃印刷线路板资源化处理的研究进展

介绍了当前废弃印刷线路板资源化处理的主要方法,包括湿法、火法、机械法、生物法、超临界流体法和等离子体熔炼法等。综述了各种处理方法的侧重点及利弊;提出热解法与机械法联用可较好地解决在破碎过程中所遇到的问题,具有较大优势,可作为未来大量废弃印刷线路板资源化处理工艺研究的重点。