溶胶-凝胶法制备磁载光催化剂

悬浮态的光催化反应器相比固载的光催化反应器有更高的光催化效率。但是如何在光催化反应完成后使催化剂与水溶液的分离 ,成为了一个关键的问题。本研究采用溶胶 凝胶法将二氧化钛直接沉积在磁性颗粒的表面 ,制备出了磁载的光催化剂。这种催化剂在保留了磁性能具有可磁分离的基础上又具有很好的光催化降解效果。     

跨边界区域水资源冲突与协调模型与应用(Ⅱ)案例研究

以官厅水库为例 ,建立了跨边界区域之间水量短缺及水质污染的冲突非合作模型、张家口市合作模型和全区域合作模型 ;通过比较设定的延续发展和协调发展两种冲突情景方案 ,协调发展方案排污少且经济净效益更高 ,被确定为推荐方案 ;5 0 %水文年协调发展方案下 ,合作模型与非合作模型比较 ,张家口市合作经济净效益增加了 1 18亿元 年 ,全区域合作经济净效益增加了 8 5 7亿元 年 ,对合作利益进行分配需对张家口市各断面补偿 3 89亿元 年 ,根据模型结果制定出断面控制指标和区域控制指标     

Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials

Plastic pollution is a major environmental issue worldwide, calling for advanced methods to recycle waste plastics in the context of the circular economy. Here we review methods and strategies to convert waste plastics into value-added carbon materials, with focus on sources, properties, pretreatment of waste plastics, and on preparation of carbon materials. Pretreatment techniques include mechanical crushing, plastic stabilization and electrospinning. Carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanosheets, carbon spheres and porous carbon are prepared by oxygen-limited carbonization, catalytic carbonization, the template-based method, and pressure carbonization. We emphasize the conversion of polyethene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, halogenated plastics, polyurethane and mixed plastics.

     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

重点生物物种保护率试点监测研究

为探索重点生物物种保护率监测方法并实践应用,选取昆山和射阳作为试点县域开展重点生物物种保护率监测研究。结果显示,共监测到重点生物物种87种,其中动物79种,植物8种。受威胁物种39种,其中极危物种5种,濒危物种19种,易危物种15种。重点保护物种79种,其中一级保护野生动植物28种,二级保护野生动植物51种;昆山和射阳的重点生物物种保护率分别为97.73%和100%。提出,为实现重点生物物种保护率监测工作的业务化运行,支撑重点生物物种和生物多样性保护管理,需要不断加强生物多样性观测能力建设,建立生物多样性监测长效机制,完善生物多样性物种信息数据库;各相关部门应统筹协调,整合资源,形成合力,实现重点生物物种、生物多样性和生态系统的监测、管理和保护的协调统一。     

某核设施外围环境γ辐射剂量率分析

核设施外围环境γ辐射剂量率是环境保护工作中的重点监测对象。采用瞬时测量、热释光测量以及自动站连续测量3种方法分析了四川某核设施外围2011—2021年的环境γ辐射剂量率、周边居民辐射累积剂量以及这3种方法对监测结果的影响。结果表明,该核设施运行未对周围环境辐射水平造成显著影响;瞬时测量和自动站连续测量监测数据较为稳定,热释光测量易受周围环境影响造成数据波动。因此,在采用热释光测量法开展辐射环境监测时应加强对热释光剂量片布放、收取、运输、测量等环节的质量控制,并开展热释光剂量片宇宙射线响应值的测量。     

腐植质与有机污染物作用研究进展

综述了腐殖质的结构特性、与有机污染物的结合性质以及腐殖质对有机污染物毒性和生物可利用率的影响。已有的研究表明:腐殖质与有机污染物的结合能力受到下列因素的影响———腐殖质的结构、腐殖质的分子量和浓度、有机物的结构、水环境条件以及光化学降解作用等;腐殖质的存在通常降低了有机污染物的毒性,但在少数情况下例外,其推测性的机理还有待于实验进一步验证;有机污染物的生物可利用率不仅与腐殖质的浓度和组成有关,还受水体PH值的影响。本文同时对腐殖质的结构和多样性的研究、腐殖质对极性有机污染物的迁移、毒性和生物可利用率的研究、腐殖质增强某些有机物毒性的机理的研究进行了展望。     

十溴二苯乙烷对蚯蚓亚急性毒性及微生物群落结构影响

新型溴系阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)生产和使用量日益增大,在环境中的检出率越来越高,其生态风险正受到广泛关注.然而,有关DBDPE对陆地无脊椎生物毒性效应以及微生物群落结构的影响知之甚少.探究了不同剂量(5、10、20、50和100mg·kg-1)DBDPE暴露对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)生长、行为...     

钻井废液的固液分离工艺与设备

影响钻井废液固液分离的因素包括钻井废液的稀释比例、脱稳处理药剂的种类和加量、固液分离设备。文章介绍了钻井废液处理的基本流程,分析了钻井废液pH值对固液分离效果的影响,论述了卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机的基本结构、设备参数和操作参数对固液分离效果的影响。     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.