高压塑片法制备PbO2电极及其处理染料废水的研究

利用高压甥片法制备了一种新型PbO2电极,采用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对电极性能进行表征,并研究了其用于处理难降解染料废水(以中性枣红为例)的降解效果.结果表明.该电极不仅具有较高的电催化活性,而且还有很好的抗腐蚀性能,适合含高盐度废水的预处理.通过与普通石墨电极的对比研究发现,该电极在染料脱色和去除COD方面都有明显的优势.在此基础上,提出了新型PbO2电极降解有机物的作用机制.     

空气—乙炔原子吸收分光光度法测定大气污染源中的镉含量

本文研究了硝酸高氯酸体系消解火焰原子吸收法测定烟尘颗粒物中镉的方法。方法的检测限为３×１０－６ｍｇ／ｍ３（采样体积１０ｍ３）。实际样品测定的相对偏差小于１０％,加标回收率大于８８％     

光导纤维生物膜碘荧光传感器的研究

把荧光素固定在经处理的生物膜上,研制成光导纤维生物膜碘荧光传感器。Ｉ－的线性响应范围为３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ—５×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差为０６５％,响应时间为２５～３５ｍｉｎ。     

大气采样可调自动恒温加热器

本文阐述了实验目的及如何通过水温实验,用温控器和加热器来完成实验,从而得出结论：所设想的可调自动加热器是可行的     

基于人工神经网络的巢湖富营养化分时分区评价

应用人工神经网络方法,以温度、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮作为评价参数,对巢湖湖区12个点位的营养状态进行了分时段评价,一共评价了2000年至2003年四个年度的各月份的营养状态。因为湖泊的营养状态水平是变化的,不同区域、不同时段营养状态水平是不同的,因此采用分区分时评价更能全面客观地反映巢湖的营养状态水平及其变化特征。     

江苏沿海化工区环境风险分级及优先管理策略研究

以江苏沿海40家化工园区为例,综合考虑化工园区评价单元与环境风险区域性、系统性和行业性特征,构建了包括风险源、控制机制、风险受体3项一级指标、9项二级指标的环境风险分级综合模型,提出以指标贡献率作为优先管理策略的半定量筛选依据.结果表明,研究区域内共有江苏响水陈家港化工集中区、江苏连云港化工产业园区、如皋精细化学工业园等7个高风险园区,其风险产生与园区产业结构、园区地理布局紧密相关.根据指标贡献度将7个高风险化工园区划分为两类化工园区:一类是以受体敏感性为主控风险因素的化工园区;一类以风险源以及风险控制为主控因素的化工园区.针对这两类化工园区,分别从环境监管、提高清洁生产水平、化工企业数量总量控制、污水处理厂及配套管网建设等方面提出优先管理策略.     

磁场对静态纳滤过程的膜通量及CaCO3结晶的影响

使用NF270型和NF型纳滤膜研究了经磁化预处理的钙溶液的静态纳滤过程,并与未经磁化预处理钙溶液的静态纳滤结果相比较.结果表明,当水样中Ca²⁺ 浓度为3.6 mmol/L,硬度等于碱度,初始水样体积为300 mL,体积浓缩倍数为2时,普通溶液的膜通量随滤出液体积呈现单调递减趋势;但处理磁化溶液时,膜通量随滤出液的体积先下降后上升,然后才下降,且平均膜通量比普通溶液的高,表明磁化预处理可以改善纳滤膜的部分操作性能.对膜的扫描电镜分析表明,处理磁化溶液的纳滤膜膜面上生成的晶体相对较多.综合纳滤膜通量和膜面晶体生成量的观察,认为磁场的引入可使膜表面结晶速率增加,致使膜面溶质浓度降低,通量上升,同时因生成的晶体全部留在膜面上,运行一段时间后有效膜面积减少,又导致通量下降.晶体生成量较多的膜,通量却相对较高,这与平常对膜污染的认识相矛盾.通过对结晶过程的理论分析,认为一定程度的结晶对膜操作性能有改善作用.     

Research on low emission MSW gasification and melting system

In order to eliminate secondary pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, a MSW gasification and melting process is proposed. The process is expected to reduce the emission of pollutants, especially heavy-metals and dioxins. In this paper, the combustible components of MSW and simulated MSW were gasified in a lab-scale fluidized bed at 400°C–700°C when the excess air ratio (ER) was between 0.2 and 0.8. The experimental results indicated that the MSW could be gasified effectively in a fluidized bed at approximately 600°C–700°C when excess air ratio was 0.2–0.4. The melting characteristics of two typical fly ash samples from MSW incinerators were investigated. The results indicated that fly ash of pure MSW incineration could be melted at approximately 1,300°C and that of MSW and coal co-combustion could be melted at approximately 1,400°C. When temperature was over 1,100°C, more than 99.9% of the dioxins could be decomposed and most of the heavy-metals could be solidified in the slag. Based on the above experiments, two feasible MSW gasification and melting processes were proposed for low calorific value MSW: (1) sieved MSW gasification and melting system, which was based on an idea of multi-recycle; (2) gasification and melting scheme of MSW adding coal as assistant fuel. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 69–73 [译自: 环境科学]     

成都市2001年9月和10月雨水的化学组成

为了查明成都市大气污染物的来源，从2001年9月开始，收集成都市雨水样品。本文分析讨论了9月和10月所收集的雨水样品的化学组成。     

Towards an agile participatory urban soundscape planning framework

This paper presents an agile participatory urban soundscape planning process model, which is proposed as a prerequisite on which to build and reference the efficacy of urban soundscape planning. The model was developed through data synthesis and analysis and mapping engagement with diverse stakeholders across four applied soundscape projects in Brighton and Hove, UK. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the model is the first of its kind in applied soundscape practice. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and document analysis of published resources. The framework used for the analysis of the findings comprised four core urban planning stages: goals and objectives, engagement (e.g. prediction/modelling/design/planning), implications, evaluation. The study found that when integrating soundscape planning with core urban planning stages it was necessary to first identify the appropriate stakeholders in relation to the project context. It was found that these stakeholders could be wide-ranging and unexpected, thereby reinforcing the appropriateness of incorporating an agile approach in the resulting model. The study also found that users’ perceptions are central to soundscape practice and need to be considered at each stage of a planning process to produce an effective and sustainable outcome. A variety of specific events, appropriate to the requirements of the stakeholders, are important for engaging planning authorities, users and other stakeholders at different stages. This study also demonstrated that an evidence-based evaluation method is recommended in an agile participatory urban soundscape planning process to assess stakeholders’ engagement at each stage and to inform and guide subsequent steps in the planning process relevant to the local context(s).