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101.
Kinetic modeling of fenton oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
A kinetic model, consisting of 28 reactions, was proposed to understand the key mechanism of the Fenton oxidation of phenol and o-, m-, and p-chlorophenols. Particular attention is paid to the interactions of the organic intermediates with the Fe species. The proposed model reasonably predicts the decomposition kinetics and by-product formation for the different phenols at widely varying levels of Fe2+, H2O2, and the phenols. For the phenols and intermediates, change in concentrations with time was predicted within 20-30% deviation from the measured data. The single model predicts the overall kinetics of Fenton oxidation of all the tested phenols by adjusting the rate constant of hydroxyl radical for each phenol. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the key reactions are those that directly govern the levels of OH radical and Fe2+. Both the model prediction and the experimental results show that the decomposition rate could be complicated particularly by the availability of Fe2+. Understanding the interactions of the organic intermediates with Fe2+ is thus of critical importance to improve the decomposition performance. 相似文献
102.
Specific industrial processes and its waste characteristics should be known for proper management and control of the wastes produced from industries. Some industrial processes and waste characteristics are introduced to explain how to deal with the wastes for waste characterization. Evaluation methods of biodegradability of industrial wastewater were introduced in order for environmental engineers to be able to decide the proper treatment method of the industrial wastewaters. Industrial processes and characterization discussed in this section might be useful for the selection of suitable methods to prevent pollutant discharge from industrial processes. 相似文献
103.
Jeong-Geol Na Byung-Hwan Jeong Soo Hyun Chung Seong-Soo Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(2):126-132
Catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived silica–alumina catalysts
(FSAs). FSAs were prepared by a simple activation method that basically includes NaOH treatment of fly ash by a fusion method,
followed by an aging process. A series of LDPE pyrolysis experiments was conducted and the catalytic performance of FSAs was
assessed in terms of the degradation temperature and the simulated boiling point distribution of the liquid products. The
effects of synthesis conditions such as NaOH/fly ash weight ratio and aging time were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD),
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and scanning electron microscope to clarify the controlling factors affecting
the catalytic activity. To obtain catalyst with high activity, it is necessary to produce sufficient silica and alumina species
that can be easily co-precipitated into solid acid catalyst by destruction of the fly ash structure and to optimize the activation
time for catalyst synthesis to prevent the transformation into inactive phases. The catalytic performance of FSA obtained
from optimal conditions was equivalent to that of commercial catalysts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the catalyst. 相似文献
104.
Aneesh Pasrich Sant Lal Jangr Nahar Singh Neeraj Dilbaghi K. N. Soo Kanupriya Aror Renu Pasricha 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):852-859
Nano silver (Agn) is employed as an active antimicrobial agent, but the environmental impact of Agn released from commercial products is unknown. The quantity of nanomaterial released from consumer products during use should be determined to assess the environmental risks of advancement of nanotechnology. This work investigated the amount of silver released from three different types of fabric into water during washing. Three different types of fabric were loaded with chemically synthesized Ag nanoparticles and washed repeatedly under simulated washing conditions. Variable leaching rates among fabric types suggest that the manufacturing process may control the release of silver reaching the waste water treatment plants. In an attempt to recover the Agn for reutilization and to save it from polluting water, the effluents from the wash were efficiently treated with bacterial strains. This treatment was based on biosorption and was very efficient for the elimination of silver nanoparticles in the wash water. The process ensured the recovery of the Agn leached into the effluent for reutilization, thus preventing environmental repercussions. 相似文献
105.
Cheong YW Yim GJ Ji SW Kang SS Skousen J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):503-513
The objective of this study was to assess the changes in mine water quality as an underground mine flooded from July 2005
to October 2008. The effect of air injection with a blower into the water was used to evaluate the potential to convert ferrous
to ferric iron and to provide in situ treatment and precipitation. Mine flooding averaged 31 cm/day with a linear shape until
November 2007, when it flattened out due to outflow. During flooding, mine water pH remained around 6, but Eh shifted from
200 to −150 mV. After the mine water level stabilized, contents of elements such as Fe and SO4 tended to decrease as time passed. Air was injected by diffusers (150 L/min/each) at three different depths of 2, 3, and
5 m below the water level in the shaft. Dissolved oxygen eventually increased to 4 or 5 mg/L depending on the depth of the
diffusers. Aeration caused conversion of ferrous iron to ferric iron and about 30 mg/l of iron was removed from the mine water.
Therefore, air injection shows potential as a semi-active treatment or part of conventional treatment to precipitate iron
in the mine pool. 相似文献
106.
Soybean Oil-Based Photo-Crosslinked Polymer Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Novel soybean oil-based crosslinked polymer networks were prepared by UV photopolymerization and their mechanical properties
were evaluated. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) diacrylate (PCLDA) were synthesized
and used as crosslinking agent to form crosslinked polymer networks by UV-initiated free-radical polymerization with acrylated
epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The synthesis of acrylate end-capped macromers was confirmed using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Photopolymerization time, the composition of reaction mixture, and the type and length of
crosslinking agent were changed to obtain crosslinked polymer networks with various mechanical properties. Polymers prepared
from AESO and PCL degraded 6% of the initial weight in 24 days in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) containing lipase enzyme.
These potentially biodegradable and biocompatible polymers can be used as ecofriendly materials for biomedical and other applications
to replace the existing petroleum-based polymers currently used. 相似文献
107.
Comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels in paired South Korean cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim TH Bang du Y Lim HJ Won AJ Ahn MY Patra N Chung KK Kwack SJ Park KL Han SY Choi WS Han JY Lee BM Oh JE Yoon JH Lee J Kim HS 《Chemosphere》2012,87(1):97-104
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used flame retardants, have been reported as potential endocrine disruptor and neurodevelopmental toxicants, thus giving rise to the public health concern. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk concentrations of PBDEs in South Korean. We assessed PBDE levels in paired samples of umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk. The levels of seven PBDE congeners were measured in 21 paired samples collected from the Cheil Woman’s Hospital (Seoul, Korea) in 2008. We also measured thyroid hormones levels in maternal and cord blood to assess the association between PBDEs exposure and thyroid hormone levels. However, there was no correlation between serum thyroxin (T4) and total PBDEs concentrations. The total PBDEs concentrations in the umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk were 10.7 ± 5.1 ng g−1 lipid, 7.7 ± 4.2 ng g−1 lipid, and 3.0 ± 1.8 ng g−1 lipid, respectively. The ranges of total PBDE concentrations observed were 2.28-30.94 ng g−1 lipid in umbilical cord blood, 1.8-17.66 ng g−1 lipid in maternal blood, and 1.08-8.66 ng g−1 lipid in breast milk. BDE-47 (45-73% of total PBDEs) was observed to be present dominantly in all samples, followed by BDE-153. A strong correlation was found for major BDE-congeners between breast milk and cord blood or maternal blood and cord blood samples. The measurement of PBDEs concentrations in maternal blood or breast milk may help to determine the concentration of PBDEs in infant. 相似文献
108.
Modeling adsorption kinetics of trichloroethylene onto biochars derived from soybean stover and peanut shell wastes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mahtab Ahmad Sang Soo Lee Sang-Eun Oh Dinesh Mohan Deok Hyun Moon Young Han Lee Yong Sik Ok 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8364-8373
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater. Biochar produced from agricultural waste materials could serve as a novel carbonaceous adsorbent for removing organic contaminants from aqueous media. Biochars derived from pyrolysis of soybean stover at 300 °C and 700 °C (S-300 and S-700, respectively), and peanut shells at 300 °C and 700 °C (P-300 and P-700, respectively) were utilized as carbonaceous adsorbents to study batch aqueous TCE remediation kinetics. Different rate-based and diffusion-based kinetic models were adopted to understand the TCE adsorption mechanism on biochars. With an equilibrium time of 8–10 h, up to 69 % TCE was removed from water. Biochars produced at 700 °C were more effective than those produced at 300 °C. The P-700 and S-700 had lower molar H/C and O/C versus P-300 and S-300 resulting in high aromaticity and low polarity accompanying with high surface area and high adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models were well fitted to the kinetic data, thereby, indicating that chemisorption and pore diffusion were the dominating mechanisms of TCE adsorption onto biochars. 相似文献
109.
Deok Hyun Moon Jae-Woo Park Yoon-Young Chang Yong Sik Ok Sang Soo Lee Mahtab Ahmad Agamemnon Koutsospyros Jeong-Hun Park Kitae Baek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8464-8471
Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism responsible for Pb immobilization in military firing range soil was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses. The treatment results showed that TCLP Pb leachability decreased with increasing biochar content. A reduction of over 90 % in Pb leachability was achieved upon treatment with 20 wt.% soybean stover-derived biochar. SEM-EDX, elemental dot mapping and XAFS results in conjunction with TCLP leachability revealed that effective Pb immobilization was probably associated with the pozzolanic reaction products, chloropyromorphite and Pb-phosphate. The results of this study demonstrated that soybean stover-derived biochar was effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated firing range soil. 相似文献
110.
Jeong-Ha Yoo Sung-Woo Shin Jong Soo Kim Chang-Bae Kim Jong-Sung Kim Sung-Cheol Koh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):373-379
A new differential display-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on annealing control primers was used to screen and identify potential biomarkers from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in medaka exposed to sub-lethal concentration of diazinon (100 ppb). Among the differentially expressed genes identified, the majority were in functional categories of protein biosynthesis, transport and metabolism according to the gene ontology classification. The differential expression of ribosomal protein genes was quantified by real time PCR. The genes encoding ribosomal proteins including L3 and S17 were selected as potential biomarkers for diazinon exposure in medaka fish. 相似文献