Abundance and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rearing environments of intensive shrimp aquaculture in South China

Although research regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environments has gained increasing scientific interest, further studies are required to understand the abundances and removal mechanisms of ARGs during the entire rearing period of shrimp aquaculture. Thus, in this study, abundances, distributions and removal rates of ARGs in different environmental compartments of intensive shrimp farms in South China were investigated during the entire rearing period. The results indicated that sul1 and cmlA were the predominant ARGs in the water and sediment samples. Additionally, the total abundance of ARGs was higher in shrimp pond water than in the source water and farm effluent. Moreover, sediment samples indicated significantly higher ARG abundances than water samples from the shrimp ponds (P?<?0.05). Environmental factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of ARGs in shrimp rearing environments. Furthermore, stable ponds aided the removal of ARGs from shrimp pond water. This study accounted for temporal variations in ARG abundances as well as removal of ARGs in different environmental compartments during the entire shrimp rearing period. However, additional research is required to optimize the water treatment process for removal of ARGs from the aquaculture.     

林可霉素制药废水的臭氧氧化处理

考察了臭氧氧化对林可霉素的效价削减效果。在初始抗生素浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹时,林可霉素效价削减50%所需消耗的臭氧量为0.118 mg·mg⁻¹抗生素,降解过程符合一级降解动力学特征。进一步采用林可霉素实际废水考察了污水化学需氧量(COD)和pH对抗生素臭氧氧化处理的影响,发现废水的COD每增加100 mg·L⁻¹,则单位抗生素实现50%削减需要增加的臭氧量约为1.64 mg。碱性条件下,臭氧可催化分解生成羟基自由基等活性基团而加速林可霉素的降解。同时,臭氧氧化后林可霉素生产废水的厌氧可生化性提高了98.51%。研究结果可以为林可霉素生产废水的处理技术选择提供参考。     

Occurrence,sorption, and transformation of free and conjugated natural steroid estrogens in the environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Natural steroid estrogens (NSEs), including free estrogens (FEs) and conjugated estrogens (CEs), are of emerging concern globally among public and...     

Comparison of different sequential extraction procedures for mercury fractionation in polluted soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), modified Tessier, modified BCR, and CIEMAT, were compared for mercury fractionation in polluted soils....     

给水厂铁铝泥构建过滤柱去除富营养化河水中过量磷

为避免因FAS释放过量有机物和氮而产生的潜在不利影响,分析了以给水厂铁铝泥(FAS)构建过滤柱处理富营养化河水的特征与机制,研究了以厌氧热处理改性后的FAS作为辅助基质(2%)构建过滤柱。结果表明：在对其他性质无影响的情况下,FAS的添加显著提高了过滤柱对水体中磷的去除率,促使出水磷浓度在整个运行期间小于0.01 mg·L-1;被FAS吸附的磷主要以NaOH提取态、HCl可提取态和残渣态存在。高通量测序分析结果表明,FAS的添加促使过滤柱中富集了Rhodoplanes、Sulfuritalea、Nitrospira、Leucobacter、Geobacter、Dechloromonas等有助于生物地球化学循环和复合污染控制的菌群。FAS作为辅助基质构建过滤柱可有效控制富营养化河水中磷污染。     

BPAC-UF对二级出水中抗生素抗性基因的去除及膜污染缓解机制

采用生物粉末活性炭(BPAC)-超滤(UF)组合工艺去除控制二级出水中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs),并对ARGs的去除和BPAC缓解膜污染机制进行了探讨。结果表明：与直接超滤工艺相比,组合工艺对水中四环素类抗性基因(tetA、tetW)、磺胺类抗性基因(sul Ⅰ、sul Ⅱ)以及溶解性有机碳(DOC)的去除效果均有较大的改善,这主要是由于BPAC对ARGs的吸附降解作用所致;水中16S rDNA、int Ⅰ 1和DOC含量与不同种类ARGs浓度具有显著相关性,强化上述指标的去除可有效促进ARGs的削减;在BPAC投加量较低时,组合工艺的膜比通量较直接UF有所提高,膜污染状况明显改善;直接UF时,膜污染状况与滤饼层过滤模型的拟合度最好,而组合工艺的膜污染状况与标准膜孔堵塞模型和滤饼层过滤模型拟合度均较好。BPAC-UF组合工艺是一种较好的去除ARGs的工艺。     

Validation of temporal and spatial consistency of facility- and speed-specific vehicle-specific power distributions for emission estimation: A case study in Beijing,China

Vehicle-specific power (VSP) has been found to be highly correlated with vehicle emissions. It is used in many studies on emission modeling such as the MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) model. The existing studies develop specific VSP distributions (or OpMode distribution in MOVES) for different road types and various average speeds to represent the vehicle operating modes on road. However, it is still not clear if the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions are consistent temporally and spatially. For instance, is it necessary to update periodically the database of the VSP distributions in the emission model? Are the VSP distributions developed in the city central business district (CBD) area applicable to its suburb area? In this context, this study examined the temporal and spatial consistency of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions in Beijing. The VSP distributions in different years and in different areas are developed, based on real-world vehicle activity data. The root mean square error (RMSE) is employed to quantify the difference between the VSP distributions. The maximum differences of the VSP distributions between different years and between different areas are approximately 20% of that between different road types. The analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission factor indicates that the temporal and spatial differences of the VSP distributions have no significant impact on vehicle emission estimation, with relative error of less than 3%.

Implications: The temporal and spatial differences have no significant impact on the development of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions for the vehicle emission estimation. The database of the specific VSP distributions in the VSP-based emission models can maintain in terms of time. Thus, it is unnecessary to update the database regularly, and it is reliable to use the history vehicle activity data to forecast the emissions in the future. In one city, the areas with less data can still develop accurate VSP distributions based on better data from other areas.     

锆负载型树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂 ,并在评价了该树脂对氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明 ,锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0 .5mol/L ,该负载树脂的最佳吸附pH为 3.0— 4 .0 ,用填充柱进行的动态实验结果表明 ,pH =3时的吸附容量显著高于 pH=4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理 ,当柱流量为 35mL/min(SV10 )、第二柱穿透时 ,第一柱的吸附容量为 10 2 2 8mg/L湿树脂 ;用 0 .1mol/L的NaOH溶液进行再生 ,柱流量选择为 35mL/min(SV10 )时 ,脱附率在 95 %以上。     

可用于去除高盐废水中有机污染物的混凝-Fenton氧化联合工艺

以某环氧树脂生产厂产生的高盐有机废水为对象,对比研究了Fenton、Fenton-混凝、混凝-Fenton等工艺去除废水中有机污染物的效能。考察了Fenton反应中Fe2+、H2O2投加比、初始pH、反应时间以及混凝反应中混凝剂种类、投加量等参数对处理效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton工艺的最佳条件为亚铁和过氧化氢投加比1：20,投加量分别为25 mmol·L-1和500 mmol·L-1,初始pH 3,反应时间120 min,TOC去除率为62.50%;混凝工艺选择FeSO4混凝剂,投加量为300 mg·L-1,TOC去除率为23.78%;废水经过Fenton-无混凝剂混凝、Fenton-混凝剂混凝、混凝-一级Fenton氧化和混凝-二级Fenton氧化工艺处理,TOC去除率分别为68.32%、71.51%、80.69%和89.27%。     

不同菌种组合对发酵残余物好氧堆肥进程及氮素变化的影响

适宜菌剂组合对于初始电导率（Electronic conductivity,EC）较高的发酵残余物二次干化腐熟效果具有重要影响。通过在发酵残余物（猪场沼渣、城市生活污泥）好氧发酵过程中添加不同菌种组合,研究堆肥腐熟指标变化,特别是不同形态氮素指标变化,以期更好提升发酵残余物的干化和腐熟程度。结果表明：F3菌剂组合处理高温期达16 d,最高温度为69.5℃,最早进入腐熟阶段,全氮损失比例最少,为8.72%;对照组在高温期（14 d、69.3℃）及全氮损失比例（9.21%）指标上仅低于F3处理组,表明自然堆体存在耐盐菌种;在促进堆肥腐熟效果方面,霉菌起着关键的作用,堆肥后期酵母菌的存在促进堆体腐熟度的提升;菌种比例和种类的合理设置对于堆体腐熟度提高的重要性要高于活菌添加量;在堆肥保氮过程中,真菌（霉菌和酵母菌）起着重要作用。F3处理（即芽孢杆菌：霉菌：酵母菌=1：2：2）,是实现发酵残余物快速高效堆肥的理想菌剂配方,其他复配菌种组合保氮效果改良侧重点各不相同。