排水管道沉积物微生物群落及环境因子分析

选取北京市某区的排水管道沉积物进行取样,采用高通量测序手段分析,结果表明变形菌门、广古菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门是排水管道沉积物微生物中的优势门类;在纲水平上,δ-变形菌纲、甲烷微菌纲、梭菌纲、拟杆菌纲占相对优势;在属水平上,功能性微生物硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和产甲烷古菌（MA）普遍存在于各处管道.在所选的6段管段中,管段S3、S4处MA的相对丰度分别为20.6%、40.8%,高于其他管段,厌氧产甲烷的潜能较大,有发生可燃气积累的风险;管段S5、S6处的SRB相对丰度分别为9.14%、8.19%,高于其他管段,硫酸盐还原为硫化物的潜能较大,存在管道腐蚀的风险.RDA分析表明污水的DO、水温、硫酸根、TN与管道沉积物中微生物群落存在相关性.     

锌冶炼区耕地土壤和农作物重金属污染状况及风险评价

对贵州省某典型锌冶炼区耕地土壤和主要谷类农作物(稻米、玉米和小麦)进行取样调查,测定了土壤和谷类农作物中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的含量,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数法评价了土壤和作物籽粒中重金属的污染状况,并分别采用潜在生态风险指数(RI)和危险商(HQ)法评价了土壤重金属污染的潜在生态风险程度和作物中重金属对成人和儿童的健康风险.结果表明:(1)冶炼区耕地土壤受到了重金属不同程度的污染,污染程度排序:玉米地水稻田小麦地,且CdCuZnPb,内梅罗综合污染指数分析结果表明,玉米地污染程度为重污染,水稻田和小麦地为轻污染,且均以Cd对综合指数的贡献最大;(2)土壤Cd存在极强生态风险,4种重金属潜在生态危害大小顺序为:CdPbCuZn;生态风险指数(RI)研究结果表明,研究区处于轻微、中等、强的和很强的生态风险程度的采样点比例分别为1.41%、21.1%、35.2%和42.3%.(3)冶炼区农作物稻米中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的平均含量分别为0.145、0.017、16.97和2.704 mg·kg~(-1);玉米中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的平均含量分别为0.094、0.055、26.81和4.464 mg·kg~(-1);小麦中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的平均含量分别为0.048、0.085、35.37和5.426 mg·kg~(-1).(4)研究区稻米、玉米和小麦均存在重金属超标现象,重金属污染程度为小麦最重,稻米和玉米的污染程度相当,稻米和玉米污染等级均为安全,小麦处于警戒线.(5)各重金属元素每日摄入量均低于美国环保署的参考暴露剂量,安全性较好,但食用该区域谷类农作物引起复合重金属污染对成人和儿童均存在健康风险.(6)耕地土壤重金属含量与谷类农作物可食部分重金属含量间无明显相关性.     

含溴水源水臭氧处理时溴酸盐的产生与控制

针对南方某含溴水库水(溴离子浓度15～38μg·L-1),利用连续运行实验装置研究了臭氧氧化时溴酸盐的产生条件,同时初步考察了后续生物活性炭(BAC)对溴酸盐的去除效果.研究结果表明,单独采用预臭氧方式时,在臭氧消耗量控制为2.0mg·L-1以内的条件下,溴酸离子浓度低于6 μg·L-1;而采用预臭氧与后臭氧联合处理时,在总臭氧消耗量为2.0mg·L-1的条件下,出现了溴酸离子超标(10μg·L-1)情况.长期运行结果表明,尽管新炭对溴酸离子没有去除效果,但系统连续运行3个月后,BAC上的微生物对溴酸盐具有一定的去除能力.     

磁性海泡石吸附Cr(VI)特性及动力学

采用化学共沉淀法合成磁性海泡石,通过静态吸附实验研究磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性及其动力学。结果表明,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附在90 min内即可达到平衡;体系的初始pH是影响磁性海泡石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能的重要因素;当废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为50 mg/L时,磁性海泡石的适宜投加量为10 g/L;随反应温度的升高,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增加;温度为25、35和45℃时,磁性海泡石对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量分别为3.32、3.72、4.08 mg/g;吸附动力学曲线可以用拟二级反应动力学模型拟合;内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制Cr(Ⅵ)在磁性海泡石上的吸附过程,其中内扩散的控速作用大于液膜扩散。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and n-alkane pollution characteristics and structural and functional perturbations to the microbial community: a case-study of historically petroleum-contaminated soil

Characterization of the typical petroleum pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes, and indigenous microbial community structure and function in historically contaminated soil at petrol stations is critical. Five soil samples were collected from a petrol station in Beijing, China. The concentrations of 16 PAHs and 31 n-alkanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes ranged from 973 ± 55 to 2667 ± 183 μg/kg and 6.40 ± 0.38 to 8.65 ± 0.59 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, which increased with depth. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs and n-alkanes originated mostly from petroleum-related sources. The levels of ΣPAHs and the total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (ranging from 6.41 to 72.54 μg/kg) might exert adverse biological effects. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to investigate the indigenous microbial community structure and function. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Nocardioides and Microbacterium were the important genera. Based on COG and KEGG annotations, the highly abundant functional classes were identified, and these functions were involved in allowing microorganisms to adapt to the pressure from contaminants. Five petroleum hydrocarbon degradation-related genes were annotated, revealing the distribution of degrading microorganisms. This work facilitates the understanding of the composition, source, and potential ecological impacts of residual PAHs and n-alkanes in historically contaminated soil.

     

Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace...     

How air pollution lowers the domestic value-added ratio in exports: an empirical study of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism and transmission channel for the impact of air pollution on firms’ domestic value-added ratio...     

Evaluating provincial eco-efficiency in China: an improved network data envelopment analysis model with undesirable output

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, an improved matrix-type network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model with undesirable output was developed to evaluate the...     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.