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131.
Prakash M. Gopalakrishnan Nair Ill Min Chung 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8858-8869
In this study, the effect of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated at physiological and molecular levels. The seedlings were grown in sublethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver ions (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) in 1/4 Hoagland’s medium for 14 days under submerged hydroponic conditions. Significantly higher reduction in the total chlorophyll and increase in anthocyanin content were observed after exposure to 0.5 and 1 mg/L silver nanoparticles as compared to similar concentrations of silver ions. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly after exposure to 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/L of silver nanoparticles and 0.5 and 1 mg/L of silver ions. Qualitative analysis with dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate and rhodamine 123 fluorescence showed a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in the roots of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Real-time PCR analysis showed significant upregulation in the expression of sulfur assimilation, glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase genes upon exposure to silver nanoparticles as compared with silver ions. Overall, based on the physiological and molecular level responses, it was observed that exposure to silver nanoparticles exerted more toxic response than silver ions in A. thaliana. 相似文献
132.
Pollutants in Hong Kong soils: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
An extensive soil survey was carried out to study the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminations in 138 soil samples collected throughout Hong Kong. Results demonstrated that there were low levels of PAH contaminations (median of summation operator 16US EPA PAHs=140 microg kg(-1)) for all land uses (urban park, greening area, country park, rural area, restored landfill, agricultural farmland, orchard farm, crematorium, industrial and near highway area). However, localized hotspots were identified with summation operator 16PAH concentrations as high as 19,500 microg kg(-1) in one urban park. These findings were also confirmed by multivariate analysis. Comparison of PAH profiles showed a widespread domination of its 4-ring member. The major contribution was vehicular emissions from petroleum, and however at the hotspots, the improper disposal of used motor oils. In general, the pollution levels for all the land uses were below the recommended values for residential and general purposes stated in soil quality guidelines such as Netherlands and Denmark except certain identified hotspots. The potential health hazards imposed by these hotspots were alarming, and their existence (3 out of 138 samples) suggested that sole monitoring of atmospheric PAHs may not adequately address the hidden risks to human in urban city. 相似文献
133.
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135.
Desorption characteristics of kaolin clay contaminated with zinc from electrokinetic soil processing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A number of bench scale laboratory column tests were carried out using a newly designed and developed electrokinetic cell
to investigate the fundamental behavior of zinc-spiked kaolin clay subjected to an electric field. Laboratory investigations
focused on (i) zinc migration by the combined effects of electromigration and electro-osmosis and (ii) the electrically induced
desorption characteristics of zinc-contaminated kaolin that occurred during processing. The correlations of the applied voltage
gradient, electro-osmotic flow rate, and the development of a pH gradient were examined and evaluated. The results showed
that the removal efficiency was high during the early stage of processing due to rapid desorption by electrokinetic effects
in the cathode region. However, the majority of zinc migrating from the anode was precipitated due to the high pH environment
in the cathode region. 相似文献
136.
Y.-B. Yi J.-L. Lee Y.-H. Choi S.-M. Park C.-H. Chung 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):13-19
We report for the first time the direct conversion of raw grape berry biomass to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using ionic liquid
solvents with metal chloride catalysts. Exploiting raw plant biomass as a biorefinery feedstock is innovative for sustainable
chemical industry. The use of the raw biomass to synthesize compounds can indeed lead to less energy consumption and less
CO2 emissions. Using raw plant biomass skips pretreatment steps that are required to produce biomaterials such as carbohydrates
or cellulosic biomass. Here, grape berry biomass was used as a raw chemical feedstock for the production of hydroxymethylfurfural,
a key platform intermediate for syntheses of future renewable biofuels. We examined 3 ionic liquid solvents, 3 reaction temperatures,
5 chloride catalysts, and 5 concentrations of HCl. We found an increasing HMF yields depending on reaction conditions. 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium
chloride was most effective for HMF synthesis. Addition of HCl or metal chlorides alone showed little improvement. The highest
HMF yield of about 100 mg HMF per mL of grape biomass extract was obtained using 0.3 M HCl, [OMIM]Cl, and CrCl2 at 100°C for 3 h. Our study provides a model system of sustainable production of valuable compounds from raw plant biomass. 相似文献
137.
Geographical distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from Asian waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kajiwara N Kamikawa S Ramu K Ueno D Yamada TK Subramanian A Lam PK Jefferson TA Prudente M Chung KH Tanabe S 《Chemosphere》2006,64(2):287-295
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one of the flame retardants widely used in plastics, textiles, electronic appliances, and electrical household appliances. In this study, PBDEs and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the archived samples from the Environmental Specimen Bank for Global Monitoring (es-BANK) at Ehime University. The blubber of cetaceans found stranded along the coasts of Japan, Hong Kong, the Philippines and India during the period from 1990 to 2001 were employed for chemical analysis to understand the present status of contamination and the specific accumulation of PBDEs. PBDEs were detected in all the cetacean samples analyzed, and concentrations were one or two orders of magnitude lower than for PCBs and DDTs. Concentrations of PBDEs ranged from a low value of 6.0 ng/g lipid wt. in spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) from India to a high value of 6000 ng/g lipid wt. in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) from Hong Kong. No difference in PBDE levels between coastal and offshore species from Japan was observed, implying the existence of pollution sources in this region other than Japan. Highest concentrations of PBDEs were found in animals from Hong Kong, followed by Japan, and much lower levels from the Philippines and India, suggesting that developing nations may also have pollution sources of PBDEs. Geographical distribution of PBDEs in Asian waters was different from PCBs but similar to DDTs. 相似文献
138.
Da Le Nhu Hoang Anh Quoc Hoang Thi Thu Ha Nguyen Thi Anh Huong Duong Thi Thuy Pham Thi Mai Huong Nguyen Tien Dat Hoang Van Chung Phung Thi Xuan Binh Le Huu Tuyen Tran Cao Son Dang Thu Hien Vu Ngoc Tu Nguyen Trong Nghia Le Thi Phuong Quynh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10622-10632
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance in surface water are issues of global concern, especially in developing countries. In this study, the... 相似文献
139.
The discrepancy between verbal and actual commitment in waste recycling and environmental behavior is thought to have attenuated
the effectiveness of many environmental policy and measures. Studies purport to show the existence of such a value-action
gap in environmental issues has been largely based on matching the verbal commitment to environmental value through self-reported
environmental behavioral data. Therefore, there is a lack of direct evidence to prove that such a discrepancy exists. This
study demonstrates a methodology (contrasting on-site observation with self-reported results) to measure the gap between verbal
commitment and actual recycling behavior and provides an explanation on the recycling behavior of students at Hong Kong Baptist
University in the hope that the lessons learnt can be generalized to a wider context. Our findings indicate that a gap between
verbal recycling commitment and corresponding action does exist in waste recycling on this university campus. By using multiple
linear regression analysis, we found that the self-reported recycling behavior of undergraduates cannot be meaningfully explained
by most variables previously suggested in the general value-action model. 相似文献
140.
In-Young Chung Yu-Mi Park Hyun-Jeoung Lee Hyuk Kim Dong-Hoon Kim Il-Gyu Kim Sang-Min Kim Young-Sun Do Kwang-Seol Seok Jung-Hwan Kwon 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):84-91
It is thought that there are many unregulated anthropogenic chemicals in the environment.For risk assessment of chemicals, it is essential to estimate the predicted environmental concentrations. As an effort of identifying residual organic contaminants in air and water in Korea, nontarget screening using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC × GC-TOFMS) was conducted at 10 sites using polyurethane foam passive air sampler and at 6 sites using polydimethyl siloxane(PDMS) passive water sampler in three different seasons in 2014. More than 600 chemical peaks were identified satisfying the identification criteria in air and water samples, respectively, providing a list for further investigation. Chemical substances with reported national emission rates in2014(n = 149) were also screened for potential existence in the environment using a level Ⅱ fugacity model. Most of chemical substances classified as not detectable were not identified with detection frequency greater than 20% by nontarget screening, indicating that a simple equilibrium model has a strong potential to be used to exclude chemicals that are not likely to remain in the environment after emissions from targeted monitoring. 相似文献