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371.
Hao Cui Shu-Ping Wang Shu-Gang Jia Na Zhang Zhi-Qiang Zhou 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):869-877
In this study, the effect of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities was evaluated. Soil samples were spiked with ciprofloxacin (0, 1, 5 and 50 mg?kg?1) and were incubated for 1, 3, 9, 22 and 40 days. Untreated controls received only water. The functional diversity of the microbial community studied was characterized using a catabolic response profile (CRP). Six substrate groups were tested: carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, aromatic chemicals, alcohols and polymers. After 40 days, the CIP concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 25% to 58% of the initial concentrations. Soil respiratory responses to the individual substrates D-glucose, lactose, D-mannose, L-glutamic, Na-citrate, malic acid and inosine were inhibited at the high CIP concentrations (5 and 50 mg·kg?1) in the soils and were increased at the lowest CIP concentration (1 mg·kg?1). Soil respiration was inhibited at all of the CIP concentrations after the addition of D-galactose and glycerol. The CIP concentration and incubation time explained 45.3% of the variance of the catabolic responses. The CRP analysis clearly discriminated among the different CIP concentrations. The results suggest that CIP strongly affects the catabolic diversities of soil microbial communities and that its effect is more significant than that of incubation time. 相似文献
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374.
Edward Tak Chuen Lau Mana Man Na Yung Nancy E. Karraker Kenneth Mei Yee Leung 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):95-104
Ecotoxicity tests are often conducted following standard methods, and thus carried out at a fixed water temperature under controlled laboratory conditions. Yet, toxicity of a chemical contaminant may vary in a temperature-dependent manner, depending on the physiology of the test organism and physicochemical properties of the chemical. Although an assessment factor of 10 (AF10) is commonly adopted to account for variability in toxicity data related to temperature in the development of water quality guidelines and/or ecological risk assessment, no one has ever rigorously assessed the appropriateness of AF10 to account for potential variation in temperature-dependent chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms. This study, therefore, aims to address this issue through a meta-analysis by comparing median lethal concentration data for nine chemicals (cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, silver, zinc, arsenic, selenium and DDT) on a range of freshwater ectothermic animal species at different temperatures, and to assess whether AF10 is under- or over-protective for tropical and temperate freshwater ecosystems. Our results reveal varying extents of interaction between temperature and different chemicals on organisms and the complexity of these interactions. Applying AF10 sufficiently protects 90 % of the animal species tested over a range of temperatures for cadmium, copper, nickel, silver, zinc and DDT in the tropics, but it is insufficient to adequately encompass a larger temperature variation for most studied chemicals in temperate regions. It is therefore important to set specific AFs for different climatic zones in order to achieve the desired level of ecosystem protection. 相似文献
375.
以多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像和HJ CCD影像为数据源,提取江苏省2000、2005及2010年湖泊,分析江苏省湖泊10年的水域面积变化及驱动力。研究结果显示,江苏省湖泊三期水域面积分别为5 90223、5 89191和5 88319 km2,全省湖泊面积整体相对稳定,但单个湖泊变化差异较大,变化最明显的是洪泽湖和白马湖。洪泽湖及白马湖10年的动态变化表明,洪泽湖变化主要位于西南方向,白马湖变化明显的是西南与东北方向。进一步从人为和自然因素对其变化驱动力进行分析,结果表明,10年间洪泽湖和白马湖周边区域气温升高、降水量及入湖水量的减少是造成水面减小的重要自然因素;洪泽湖10年间面积加权的平均拼块分形维数(AWMPFD)变化不大,2000、2005及2010年分别为1161 0、1162 1和1159 0,处于相对稳定状态;白马湖10年间AWMPFD持续下降,从2000年的1274 5到2005年的1239 6,再到2010年的1211 3。因此,人为活动影响及湖周土地利用方式的变化是湖泊水域面积萎缩的重要人为因素 相似文献
376.
采用L-半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸为稳定剂水相合成Cd Te量子点,且以Cd Te量子点为能量供体、孔雀石绿为能量受体建立荧光共振能量转移体系,从而实现孔雀石绿含量的同步荧光猝灭法测定。结果表明,当固定波长差为220 nm时,Cd Te量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于323 nm。在最优实验条件下,体系的同步荧光淬灭强度与孔雀石绿的浓度在0.5~10.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995,方法的检出限为10 nmol/L。该方法用于实际水样中孔雀石绿含量的测定,加标回收率为94%~105%。 相似文献
377.
Biosurfactant-producing strains in enhancing solubilization and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hong Liu Hang Wang Xuehua Chen Na Liu Suriguge Bao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4581-4589
Three biosurfactant-producing strains designated as BS-1, BS-3, and BS-4 were screened out from crude oil-contaminated soil using a combination of surface tension measurement and oil spreading method. Thin layer chromatography and infrared analysis indicated that the biosurfactants produced by the three strains were lipopeptide, glycolipid, and phospholipid. The enhancement of solubilization and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater employing biosurfactant-producing strains was investigated. The three strain mixtures led to more solubilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater, and the solubilization rate was 10.5 mg l?1. The combination of biosurfactant-producing strains and petroleum-degrading strains exhibited a higher biodegradation efficiency of 85.4 % than the petroleum-degrading strains (71.2 %). Biodegradation was enhanced the greatest with biosurfactant-producing strains and petroleum-degrading strains in a ratio of 1:1. Fluorescence microscopy images illustrate that the oil dispersed into smaller droplets and emulsified in the presence of biosurfactant-producing strains, which attached to the oil. Thus, the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater was enhanced. 相似文献
378.
电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在环境监测中的应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS)是目前发展最快的痕量元素分析测试技术之一。由于该技术提供了极低的检出限、极宽的动态线性范围,干扰少、分析精密度高,可进行多元素同时快速分析,可与多种分离技术及样品前处理方法和进样方法相结合等优点,得到了迅速的发展。介绍了ICP-MS的基本原理及仪器构造、与其他分析测试技术的比较及发展趋势,并着重介绍了其在环境监测和环境科学研究领域的应用。 相似文献
379.
Characterization of heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of three freshwater rivers in Huludao City, Northeast China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wuli River, Cishan River, and Lianshan River are three freshwater rivers flowing through Huludao City, in a region of northeast China strongly affected by industrialization. Contamination assessment has never been conducted in a comprehensive way. For the first time, the contamination of three rivers impacted by different sources in the same city was compared. This work investigated the distribution and sources of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the surface sediments of Wuli River, Cishan River, and Lianshan River, and assessed heavy metal toxicity risk with the application of two different sets of Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) indices (effect range low/effect range median values, ERL/ERM; and threshold effect level/probable effect level, TEL/PEL). Furthermore, this study used a toxic unit approach to compare and gauge the individual and combined metal contamination for Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu. Results showed that Hg contamination in the sediments of Wuli River originated from previous sediment contamination of the chlor-alkali producing industry, and Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu contamination was mainly derived from atmospheric deposition and unknown small pollution sources. Heavy metal contamination to Cishan River sediments was mainly derived from Huludao Zinc Plant, while atmospheric deposition, sewage wastewater and unknown small pollution were the primary sources for Lianshan River. The potential acute toxicity in sediment of Wuli River may be primarily due to Hg contamination. Hg is the major toxicity contributor, accounting for 53.3-93.2%, 7.9-54.9% to total toxicity in Wuli River and Lianshan River, respectively, followed by Cd. In Cishan River, Cd is the major sediment toxicity contributor, however, accounting for 63.2-66.9% of total toxicity. 相似文献
380.