Performance measurement for incineration plants using multi-activity network data envelopment analysis: The case of Taiwan

This study proposes the use of multi-activity network data envelopment analysis to appraise how incineration plants in Taiwan perform. Sample data from 2006 is used to examine the trade-offs between efficiency enhancement and pollution abatement. The respective efficiencies of the waste treatment and electricity generation are also assessed in a unified framework. The empirical results indicate that it is more important to improve the efficiency of waste treatment activity than of electricity generation activity in order to enhance the overall performance of Taiwan's incinerators. Since ownership, location and length of operations do not in general affect their performance, any improvement has to come from the careful monitoring of each process of the waste treatment operations. Furthermore, given that the policy in Taiwan has moved away from incineration to recycling, the problem of an over-supply of incinerators may become apparent in the near future. Our results indicate that the availability of capacity size may be an important factor when policy-makers consider whether to close down some existing incinerators.     

新疆园区布局及存在问题

发展园区是新疆走新型工业化道路、实现跨越式发展的有效途径。但目前新疆园区布局中存在一些亟待解决的问题。分析了目前新疆园区布局现状、存在的问题及原因,并提出了促进园区可持续发展的建议。     

四川省能源-社会经济-环境复合系统能流分析

能源是现代社会发展的重要基础,其在社会经济发展中占有不可替代的地位。以四川省统计年鉴及相关数据资料为基础,参考美国能流图绘制了四川省2010年的能流图,并对四川省2005~2010年间的能源输入、输出、消耗,以及相应的污染物排放进行了分析,分析发现:近年来能源消费总量增长迅速,年均增长率达10.8%,能源对外依存度较高,尤其是石油。能源消耗结构有待进一步优化,传统化石能源所占比重偏高,2010年达77.18%。同时构建了能源-社会经济-环境复合系统能流分析指标,分析了2005~2010年四川省能源、经济、环境两两子系统及三者系统之间的协调度,结果显示:四川省能源-经济-环境系统协调度不断上升,2010年三者综合协调度0.97238。最后根据能流分析、污染物排放水平、协调度分析等结果,提出了四川省能源发展战略、能流的优化管理、节能减排等对策建议。     

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin,Northern China1

Ji, Yuhe, Liding Chen, and Ranhao Sun, 2012. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 999‐1007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00671.x Abstract: Water resources are becoming increasingly stressed under the influence of climate change and population growth in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of water supply stress is urgently needed to mitigate water crisis caused by water resource reallocation. Water supply and use data were compiled for the time period of 1998‐2003 in this synthesis study. The Water Supply Stress Index (WSSI) as defined as Water Demand/Water Supply was used to quantitate whether water supply could meet the demand of human activities across the study region. We found a large spatial gradient of water supply stress in the study region, being much higher in the eastern subbasins (ranging from 2.56 to 4.31) than the west subbasins (ranging from 0.56 to 1.92). The eastern plain region not only suffered more serious water supply stress but also had a much higher interannual variability than the western hilly region. The uneven spatial distribution of water supply stress might result from the distribution of land use, population, and climate. Future climate change and rapid economic development are likely to aggravate the existing water crisis in the study region.     

Fenton试剂降解PAM催化剂的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化降解含油废水中的聚丙烯酰胺,研究了H2O2用量、催化剂种类及用量对降解聚丙烯酰胺效果的影响。结果表明,H2O2用量为聚丙烯酰胺的20%为宜;CuCl2具有和FeSO4、Fe(NO3)3、FeCl3相近的催化效果,并且可以作为一种在较高pH值条件下应用的催化剂;在优选条件下该氧化体系可以使聚丙烯酰胺黏度大大降低。     

绿色油田建设中存在的问题及对策探讨

文章分析了石油开发对环境的影响,提出了绿色油田建设的必要性与重要性。通过对国内外绿色油田建设现状的调研与对比,总结出目前我国建设绿色油田的瓶颈,提出了建议与对策,并展望了建设绿色油田的前景。     

上海市青浦区PM10污染状况及其与气象要素的关系

利用2006-2010年上海市青浦区PM10和同期地面气象要素的监测资料,定量分析PM10的季节变化规律以及PM10与降雨量、大气湿度和风速之间的关系。分析结果表明:PM10浓度在夏季处于低值,冬季处于高值;5mm/d以上的降雨对PM10有显著的清除作用,且春夏季降雨的清除作用大于秋冬季节。PM10浓度与大气湿度基本呈负相关关系。风速在一定范围内有利于PM10的扩散但不至造成扬尘,春夏季节的适宜风速是1.5～3.5m/s,冬季的适宜风速是1.5～2.5m/s。     

SO3烟气调质+电除尘在大型燃煤机组上的应用

大型燃煤机组由于耗煤量巨大,在设计时均考虑了多煤种的情况,但电除尘器对不同煤种燃烧后产生的煤灰的收尘性能差异很大。针对多煤种设计工况,以广东平海电厂为例,SO3烟气调质+电除尘器组合技术既能满足燃烧多煤种时的低排放要求,又具备了较低的一次性投资和较低的运行费,是一种最佳的除尘方案,该项目对同类工程除尘方案的选型推广具有积极的示范及借鉴意义。     

基于BP神经网络的儿童卧室内灰尘PAEs浓度预测

在实测数据的基础上,以邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的各类影响因素为自变量,PAEs浓度为因变量,采用Back-propagation(BP)神经网络建立儿童卧室内PAEs浓度预测模型.结果表明,该模型的预测效果较理想,其中,STD比值均＞0.5,NMB均接近0,EMR均＜19％.以室内环境与儿童健康(CCHH)课题组天津地...     

A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.