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421.
刍议环境监测在环境保护工作中的作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着中国社会主义市场经济的进步和发展,人们的环保意识日渐增加,对环境保护工作的要求越来越高。为了提升环境保护工作的质量,必须要大力发展环境的监测技术。因为环境监测是环境保护工作中的重要组成部分,其作用主要是全面、及时、准确的反映当前环境的质量以及环境问题的发展趋势,为人类的环境保护工作提供科学的依据。鉴于环境监测的重要性,中国环保单位必须要高度重视环境监测技术的研究和发展,提高环境监测的效率和质量。 相似文献
422.
对危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)方法在实际运用中存在着诸多问题予以分析总结,并对这些问题的解决进行简要的说明. 相似文献
423.
Pinjing He Na Yang Wenjuan Fang Fan L�� Liming Shao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(2):175-185
To understand the influence patterns and interactions of three important environmental factors, i.e. soil water content, oxygen concentration, and ammonium addition, on methane oxidation, the soils from landfill cover layers were incubated under full factorial parameter settings. In addition to the methane oxidation rate, the quantities and community structures of methanotrophs were analyzed to determine the methane oxidation capacity of the soils. Canonical correspondence analysis was utilized to distinguish the important impact factors. Water content was found to be the most important factor influencing the methane oxidation rate and Type II methanotrophs, and the optimum value was 15% (w/w), which induced methane oxidation rates 10- and 6- times greater than those observed at 5% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), respectively. Ambient oxygen conditions were more suitable for methane oxidation than 3% oxygen. The addition of 100 mg-N·kg drysoil ?1 of ammonium induced different effects on methane oxidation capacity when conducted at low or high water content. With regard to the methanotrophs, Type II was sensitive to the changes of water content, while Type I was influenced by oxygen content. Furthermore, the methanotrophic acidophile, Verrucomicrobia, was detected in soils with a pH of 4.9, which extended their known living environments. 相似文献
424.
Sheteiwy Mohamed Salah Shaghaleh Hiba Hamoud Yousef Alhaj Holford Paul Shao Hongbo Qi Weicong Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar Wu Tianow 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):36942-36966
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is expected to increase soil fertility, crop productivity, and food quality. However, the potential... 相似文献
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城市垃圾资源利用前景的分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
何品晶 《长江流域资源与环境》1996,5(2):133-138
总结了垃圾资源利用技术的发展现状;分析了我国城市垃圾的组成状况和变化趋势。以此为基础对其利用潜力进行了估计,并以流程为依据作了下世纪初城市垃圾资源利用系统的经济分析。认为资源利用是节约城市垃圾处理、处置费用和节省自然资源的有效途径;以生物和热化学转化利用城市垃圾中的能量是我国城市垃圾资源利用的主要方向。 相似文献
428.
Various disinfection byproducts(DBPs) form during the process of chlorination disinfection,posing potential threats to drinking water safety and human health. Sulfamethazine(SMT),the most commonly used and frequently detected veterinary antibiotic, was investigated in detail with regard to its transformation and kinetics in reactions with free available chlorine(FAC). Using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, several DBPs were identified based on different confidence levels, and a variety of reaction types, including desulfonation, S–N cleavage, hydroxylation, and chlorine substitution, were proposed. The kinetic experiments indicated that the reaction rate was FAC-and pH-dependent, and SMT exhibits low reactivity toward FAC in alkaline conditions. The DBPs exhibited a much higher acute toxicity than SMT, as estimated by quantitative structure activity relationship models. More importantly, we observed that the FAC-treated SMT reaction solution might increase the genotoxic potential due to the generation of DBPs. This investigation provides substantial new details related to the transformation of SMT in the chlorination disinfection process. 相似文献
429.
Di Wang Xuan Li Xinmin Zhang Wenjuan Zhao Weiqi Zhang Shuaifeng Wu Xia Shao Lei Nie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(9):38-48
Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions. 相似文献
430.
本文对金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)过氧化物酶(POD)进行了分离纯化及酶学特性分析,并探讨了其对双酚A (BPA)的降解特性.结果表明,采用硫酸铵和AKTA蛋白纯化系统获得纯化的POD,该酶具有较广的温度和pH值适应范围,在温度为70℃,pH值为7,H2O2浓度为5mmol/L时POD酶活力最大.金鱼藻POD可高效降解BPA.当金鱼藻POD活力为10U/mL时,15min内对0.02mmol/L BPA的降解率达到99.67%,活力为25U/mL及以上时,完全降解.降解条件的最适范围分别为H2O2 1~5mmol/L、30~60℃、pH 5~7.其降解动力学米氏Km为0.09mmol/L,最大反应速度为9.71mmol/(L·h).BPA经金鱼藻POD降解后无雌激素效应.金鱼藻POD高稳定性和高活性的特点以及对BPA的高效降解能力是该水生植物成为水环境BPA污染的理想修复工具的重要原因. 相似文献