Development of probabilistic emission inventories of air toxics for Jacksonville, Florida, USA

Probabilistic emission inventories were developed for 1,3-butadiene, mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), benzene, formaldehyde, and lead for Jacksonville, FL. To quantify inter-unit variability in empirical emission factor data, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method or the Method of Matching Moments was used to fit parametric distributions. For data sets that contain nondetected measurements, a method based upon MLE was used for parameter estimation. To quantify the uncertainty in urban air toxic emission factors, parametric bootstrap simulation and empirical bootstrap simulation were applied to uncensored and censored data, respectively. The probabilistic emission inventories were developed based on the product of the uncertainties in the emission factors and in the activity factors. The uncertainties in the urban air toxics emission inventories range from as small as -25 to +30% for Hg to as large as -83 to +243% for As. The key sources of uncertainty in the emission inventory for each toxic are identified based upon sensitivity analysis. Typically, uncertainty in the inventory of a given pollutant can be attributed primarily to a small number of source categories. Priorities for improving the inventories and for refining the probabilistic analysis are discussed.     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理畜禽废水的试验研究

矿化垃圾具有较大的吸附比表面积 ,较强的阳离子交换容量 (6 7.9meq/ 10 0 g) ,无二次污染 ,是很好的污水处理生物介质。借助于矿化垃圾柱物理模型试验装置 ,在实验室进行了历时 6个月的矿化垃圾反应床处理畜禽污水试验。结果表明 ,系统出水有较大改善 ,出水溶解氧有较大提高 ,pH值呈中性。该处理系统对畜禽污水中色度、SS、CODCr、BOD5、NH3 N和总磷的平均去除率分别为 6 4.7%、5 4.2 9%、75 .33 %、88.71%、94.5 5 %和 99.83 % ;处理出水中CODCr、BOD5、NH4 N和总磷的平均浓度分别为 185 .6 1mg/L、14.94mg/L、2 6 .79mg/L和 0 .0 79mg/L ;总氮的平均去除率仅为 2 1.2 9%。反应器运行 6个月以来 ,运转良好 ,未发生阻塞现象     

纳米RuO2－TiO2光电催化处理农药废水研究

采用自制的负载型纳米RuO₂－TiO₂光催化剂对农药厂生产废水进行光电催化降解试验。考察了煅烧时间、催化剂用量、光辐照强度、电流密度、废水初始pH值和反应时间对废水COD和色度去除率的影响。结果表明，自制光催化剂光电催化性能显著，最佳光电催化活性是同样降解条件下、同样含量的Degussa P－25 TiO₂的1.38倍，是Ru_0.3Ti_0.7O₂的1.81倍。其COD和色度去除率分别为64.3%和95.2%。     

缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用内填弹性立体填料的缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水，试验效果良好。当总水力停留时间≥３５．２ｈ，ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ＿３─Ｎ的去除率分别这８２％和９６％以上，出水浓度均达到国家排放标准。     

塔里木油气资源开发的环境影响分析

塔里木石油资源的开发极大地促进了南疆地区社会和经济的发展。但同时也对开发区自然环境造成了一定的影响。深入全面地分析这些影响，制定预防措施，防止由此而引起的生态环境的进一步恶化，这对保障国民经济高速、持续、稳定发展，有着十分重要的意义。     

云贵高原富营养化湖泊杞麓湖浮游生物群落的季节性演替及其驱动因子分析

杞麓湖是云贵高原典型的重富营养化湖泊,水生态系统已严重退化.为揭示杞麓湖浮游生物群落季节性演替规律,阐明浮游生物群落季节性演替的驱动因子,于2017-2018年对杞麓湖浮游生物及水质理化参数进行季节采样调查和浮游生物群落结构特征分析,并运用CCA（典范对应分析）方法分析浮游植物群落组成与环境因子的关系.结果表明:①杞麓湖夏季营养状态最高,达重度富营养水平,春秋冬三季均为中度富营养.水体SD（透明度）春季最高,夏季最低;ρ（Chla）、ρ（COD_Mn）均为夏季最高,冬季最低;ρ（TN）冬季最高,秋季最低;ρ（TP）春夏最高,冬季最低.②杞麓湖浮游植物共6门163种（其中包括8个变种）.浮游植物密度春季最低（0.66×108 L-1）而秋季最高（16.08×108 L-1）,主要为蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门.其中,春季优势种为微细转板藻（Mougeotia parvula）;夏季优势种为孟氏浮丝藻（Planktothrix mougeotii）;秋冬季的优势种均为阿氏浮丝藻（Planktothrix agardhii）.③杞麓湖浮游动物32种,浮游动物密度冬季最低（13.2 ind./L）而夏季最高（3 696.0 ind./L）.其中,春季优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratella valga）,夏季优势种为前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）,秋季优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）,而冬季优势种为桡足类幼体.研究显示,杞麓湖浮游动植物群落季节性演替明显,ρ（DTP）（DTP为溶解态磷）、ρ（TP）、ρ（NH₃-N）、ρ（COD_Mn）和WT（水温）是影响杞麓湖浮游植物群落季节性演替的主要驱动因子.      

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.     

Importance of storage time in mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste

Storage was used as a pretreatment to enhance the methanization performance of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Food wastes were separately stored for 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 12 days, and then fed into a methanogenic reactor for a biochemical methane potential(BMP) test lasting up to 60 days. Relative to the methane production of food waste stored for 0–1 day(285–308 m L/g-added volatile solids(VSadded)), that after2–4 days and after 5–12 days of storage increased to 418–530 and 618–696 m L/g-VSadded,respectively. The efficiency of hydrolysis and acidification of pre-stored food waste in the methanization reactors increased with storage time. The characteristics of stored waste suggest that methane production was not correlated with the total hydrolysis efficiency of organics in pre-stored food waste but was positively correlated with the storage time and acidification level of the waste. From the results, we recommend 5–7 days of storage of food waste in anaerobic digestion treatment plants.     

煤矿轴流式局部通风机的降噪

煤矿局部通风机（简称局扇）的噪声是煤矿掘进中的主要噪声源。分析了局扇噪声产生的机理。综述了从局扇的噪声源和传播途径上控制噪声的方法，为局扇的降噪提供了有益的参考。     

林火行为预测预报专家系统

在针对我国大兴安岭林区典型可燃物进行实验的基础上,参考美国北方林火实验室编制的BEHAVE程序中的数学模型,提出了一整套估算森林地表火火行为特征量的表达式。在此基础上,通过交互式窗口技术、字符型汉字技术和专家系统原理,建立了“林火行为预测预报专家系统”。该系统在输入现场可燃物分布特性参数及相应的地形条件和气象条件后,即能迅速预测火蔓延过程中不同时间段的火行为特征量的值。与野外试验的结果对比表明,预测的结果是合理、可靠的。