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671.
利用固相微萃取、微波萃取与液相色谱联用方法,对滴水湖水系环境中的水样、沉积物和生物样品中16种美国环境保护局优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行检测。结果表明,滴水湖水系水体中16种PAHs总量(∑PAHs)为19~446 ng·L~(-1),沉积物中为90~1 410 ng·g~(-1)dw(干重),生物体内为73~426 ng·g~(-1)dw;水中PAHs以2~3环为主,沉积物和水生生物体内均以3~4环为主;与国内外其他水系相比,表层水体中PAHs的污染水平较低,沉积物整体处于低到中度污染水平,生物体处于中等污染水平;滴水湖水体中的贝类食用风险很低,食用过量鲻鱼可能存在潜在致癌风险。污染源分析表明,滴水湖水体环境中PAHs的来源复杂,且随着滴水湖旅游资源及自贸区的开发,游客和交通流量日益增加,游船石油泄漏以及交通石油和汽油的燃烧逐渐成为滴水湖水体环境中有机污染物的主要来源。 相似文献
672.
Mengmeng Shao Yi Zhu Rui Hao Zhen Yu Minghan Song 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(7):432
Toxic metals accumulated in the human body are predominantly absorbed by the digestive tract in non-occupationally exposed populations. In the current study, we collected plowed soil samples, and investigated the varied food compositions in a mining and smelting area in southwestern China, to measure the concentrations of ten potentially toxic metals—As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. We collected information on the daily intakes of these metals to assess the health risks associated with their exposure among children and adults. The urine concentrations of the metals were also measured to obtain data on the amounts present in the body. The results showed that the hazard indexes (HIs) of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Sr were all larger than 1, for both adults and children; the Zn and Cu values were comparatively higher in children. The intake of staple foods of the region posed the greatest health risk, while drinking water only posed risks clearly associated with As exposure. The urine samples of local residents contained larger amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, confirming the hazards in the health risk assessment. Obvious differences in the urine metal concentrations between men and women were confirmed. In conclusion, higher concentrations of metals in the surface soil and rain water were the predominant cause of elevated exposure through home-grown crops and produce to accumulate in local residents’ bodies. 相似文献
673.
674.
Xiaorong Wei Mingan Shao Robert Horton Xinning Han 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(1):53-63
The presence of humic acid (HA) in water poses environmental problems because it enhances the transport of several contaminants.
A series of column experiments was conducted toward studying HA transport in different porous media under various pH, ionic
strength, and flow rate conditions. The results showed that decreasing pH and increasing ionic strength increased adsorption
and therefore delayed the transport of HA in porous media. However, increasing flow rate accelerated the transport of HA in
porous media. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and flow rate varied with the solid matrix and were more evident in sands
of smaller average particle diameter than in those with larger ones. These factors must be considered when predicting the
environmental fate of HA. The results also suggested that HA adsorption was an important process controlling HA transport
and should be considered in studies of HA behavior in porous media. 相似文献
675.
Adapting the RUSLE and GIS to model soil erosion risk in a mountains karst watershed, Guizhou Province, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Yue-Qing X Xiao-Mei S Xiang-Bin K Jian P Yun-Long C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):275-286
Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of
southwestern China. Unfortunately, Guizhou Province suffers from a lack of financial resources to research, monitor and model
soil erosion at large watershed. In order to assess the soil erosion risk, soil erosion modeling at the watershed scale are
urgently needed to be undertaken. This study integrated the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a Geographic
Information System (GIS) to estimate soil loss and identify the risk erosion areas in the Maotiao River watershed, which is
a typical rural watershed in Guizhou Province. All factors used in the RUSLE were calculated for the watershed using local
data. It was classified into five categories ranging from minimal risk to extreme erosion risk depending on the calculated
soil erosion amount. The soil erosion map was linked to land use, elevation and slope maps to explore the relationship between
soil erosion and environmental factors and identify the areas of soil erosion risk. The results can be used to advice the
local government in prioritizing the areas of immediate erosion mitigation. The integrated approach allows for relatively
easy, fast, and cost-effective estimation of spatially distributed soil erosion. It thus indicates that RUSLE-GIS model is
a useful and efficient tool for evaluating and mapping soil erosion risk at a large watershed scale in Guizhou Province. 相似文献
676.
Water-borne pathogenic bacteria are always the top priority to be removed through disinfection process in water treatment due to their threat to human health. It was necessary to develop novel disinfection methods since the conventional chlorine disinfection was inefficient in inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria, inducing the viable but non-culturable(VBNC) bacteria and forming disinfection by-products(DBPs). In this study, the inactivation of four model strains including Gram-negative(G 相似文献
677.
Fanhao Meng Min Qin Wu Fang Jun Duan Ke Tang Helu Zhang Dou Shao Zhitang Liao Yan Feng Yong Huang Ting Ni Pinhua Xie Jianguo Liu Wenqing Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):297-307
To investigate nitrous acid(HONO) levels and potential HONO sources above crop rotation fields. The HONO fluxes were measured by the aerodynamic gradient(AG) method from 14 December 2019 to 2 January 2020 over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin. The ambient HONO levels were measured at two different heights(0.15 and 1.5 m), showing a typical diurnal cycle with low daytime levels and high nighttime levels. The upward HONO fluxes were mostly observed during the day, whereas deposition... 相似文献
678.
679.
采用序半连续式反应器(sequencing fed-batch reactor,简称SFBR)对人工合成废水顺序地进行硝化和反硝化动力学进行了研究.硝化和反硝化所用微生物为活性污泥.反应器在不同的操作条件进行操作,获得了用于确定动力学常数的数据;获得动力学参数um=0.05 h-1,KNO=2.0 mg/L,y=0.47 mg X/mg N,a=0.001 h-1.类似地确定了反硝化动力学参数kD=0.01 h-1和KD,NO=0.4 mg/L.在一定范围内硝化和反硝化速率随着氨浓度和硝酸盐浓度的增加而增加.实验数据表明,硝化和反硝化的动力学符合Monod动力学方程. 相似文献
680.
N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills with selected infertile cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study presents the field investigations into the effects of cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation on N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. Landfill Site A and Site B, covered with carefully chosen infertile soils, were selected to monitor their diurnal and seasonal variations of N2O emissions. The annual average N2O flux was 469 ± 796 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 in Site B with leachate subsurface irrigation, three times that of Site A without leachate irrigation. When an additional soil containing lower contents of carbon and nitrogen was introduced to cover part of Site B, its N2O fluxes decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the left area of Site B. This suggested that carefully selected cover soils could substantially reduce N2O emissions even under leachate subsurface irrigation. Statistical analysis proved that the availabilities of soil moisture and mineralized nitrogen were the key parameters controlling landfill N2O emissions. 相似文献