乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯围产期暴露对子代小鼠认知能力的影响

研究不同剂量的增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(acetyl tributyl citrate,ATBC)围产期暴露对子代小鼠认知能力的影响及其机制.以C57BL/6小鼠为受试动物,小鼠合笼后,对受孕雌性小鼠进行随机分组,设置对照组、ATBC暴露组(2、20和200 mg·kg-1·d-1),在围产期每天进行灌胃暴露.通过Morris水迷宫实验和跳台实验对子代小鼠的认知能力进行检测,观察子代小鼠脑组织病理变化及胶质细胞激活情况.检测子代小鼠脑组织匀浆中神经递质5-羟基色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)等的含量或活性以及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)、白介素17(interleukin-17)的水平.结果 显示,200 mg·kg-1 ·d-1的ATBC围产期暴露会导致子代小鼠认知能力下降,脑海马结构出现改变,胶质细胞活化程度增大,脑组织氧化应激水平上升,促炎症因子TNF-α和IL-17含量增加.研究表明,200 mg· kg-1·d-1 ATBC围产期暴露可引起子代小鼠脑组织氧化应激,进而导致其认知能力下降.     

环氧树脂的清洁生产

环氧树脂的生产中,环氧氯丙烷作为一种过量的原料,加以回收时与水一起被蒸馏出来,造成废水中的CODCr达1.0×105mgL,同时酚醛环氧树脂的生产也产生较多的含酚废水。本文介绍了一种环氧树脂清洁生产的新工艺,通过精馏环氧氯丙烷废水和含酚废水,能降低CODCr,回收环氧氯丙烷和苯酚。     

应用大气扩散模式进行区域稻田甲烷源强估算

传统通量箱方法对区域稻田甲烷源强的估算具有很大不确定性 .本研究应用箱模式和 ATDL模式估算区域稻田甲烷排放率 .箱模式和 ATDL模式估算排放率分别为 :6月 13.2～ 30.4mg· (m²·h)^-1 和 6.1～ 8.5mg·(m²·h)^-1,9月 10.4～20.0 mg·(m²·h)^-1 和 5.5～9.3mg·(m²·h)^-1;而传统通量箱方法估算排放率为 :6月 0.3～ 14.3mg·(m²·h)^-1 ,9月 0～0.3mg·(m²·h)^-1.分析表明 ,北京地区水稻生长季的接地逆温等不利气象条件使箱模式应用的基本假设难以满足 ,使之得出偏高的估算结果 . ATDL模式能较好地适应这种不利气象条件 ,并在 6月得出了与通量观测结果相近的估算结果 ,而其 9月高于通量观测结果的估算 ,却可能证实了通量箱方法难以测得的干旱稻田土壤裂缝的甲烷排放 ,有待于进一步研究证实 .     

内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理高浓度糠醛废水

介绍了内电解厌氧好氧工艺处理糠醛生产废水的工程应用。运行结果表明,糠醛废水经处理后,COD的总去除率达到96%以上,出水pH6~9,符合国家《污水综合排放标准》(8978- 1996)中二级排放标准的要求。     

SBR法处理垃圾填埋场新鲜渗滤液的实验研究

采用SBR渐减曝气工艺处理模拟城市生活垃圾填埋场新鲜渗滤液,实验研究了反应器运行条件与出水水质的关系及有机碳的转移规律。研究结果表明新鲜渗滤液经24h曝气处理后,出水COD浓度约为500mg/L,BOD5/COD降为014左右;出水COD浓度与容积负荷无明显相关性;COD去除率与容积负荷呈正比,并在容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d时达到最高,约95%;去除的有机碳气相转化率与容积负荷呈正比,在容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d时,有机碳气相转化率接近100%;该系统最高容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d,相应的污泥浓度(以混合液悬浮性挥发固体(MLVSS)计)为712g/L。     

建筑涂料生产废水的处理技术

采用混凝沉淀-芬顿试剂催化氧化-活性炭吸附工艺对建筑涂料生产废水的处理进行了研究。用硫酸铝作混凝剂,投加量为500mg/L:芬顿试剂法处理的废水pH为6.0,H2O2/COD值为4.0,FeSO4投加量为1540mg/L,氧化反应时间大于4h;活性炭投加量为0.2g/L时,处理后出水COD小于100mg/L。     

Control strategies for vehicular NOx emissions in Guangzhou, China

Guangzhou is a city in southern China that has experienced very rapid economic development in recent years. The city's air has very high concentrations of various pollutants, including sulphur dioxide (SO₂), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O₃) and particulate. This paper reviews the changes in air quality in the city over the past 15 years, and notes that a serious vehicular-related emissions problem has been superimposed on the traditional coal-burning problem evident in most Chinese cities. As NOx concentrations have increased, oxidants and photochemical smog now interact with the traditional SO₂ and particulate pollutants, leading to increased health risks and other environmental concerns.
Any responsible NOx control strategy for the city must include vehicle emission control measures. This paper reviews control strategies designed to abate vehicle emissions to fulfill the city's air quality improvement target in 2010. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that, while NOx emission control is expensive, vehicular emission standards could achieve a relatively sizable emissions reduction at reasonable cost. To achieve the 2010 air quality target of NOx, advanced implementation of EURO3 standards is recommended, substituting for the EURO2 currently envisioned in the national regulations. Related technical options, including fuel quality improvements and inspection/maintenance (I/M) upgrades (ASM or IM240), are assessed as well.     

9-21台湾M_S7.6大地震的启示

1999 年9 月21 日台湾南投发生MS7 .6 强烈地震,造成生命财产的严重损失。两岸同胞骨肉相连,我们在深切关注这次地震的同时,也从中得到启示:1- 沿此次发震断层车笼埔断层一线构筑物毁坏极为严重,由此可见,城市建设和居民安家应尽力避开活断层。2- 必须加强构筑物的抗震设防,各类建设项目必须有规范的抗震设计、专业的施工监理和严格的验收程式。3- 抗震救灾工作中应注重高科技成份的投入和救灾队伍的训练有素。     

Distribution of rare earth elements in PM10 emitted from burning coals and soil-mixed coal briquettes

Emission from burning coals is one of the major sources of the airborne particles in China. We carried out a study on the rare earth elements (REEs) in the inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) emitted from burning coals and soil-coal honeycomb briquettes with different volatile contents and ash yields in a combustion-dilution system. Gravimetric analysis indicates that the equivalent mass concentration of the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals is higher than that emitted from burning the briquettes. The ICP-MS analysis indicates that the contents of total REEs in the coal-burning PM₁₀ are lower than those in the briquette-burning PM₁₀. In addition, the contents of the light rare earth elements (LREEs) are higher than those of the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals and briquettes, demonstrating that the REEs in both the coal-burning and briquette-burning PM₁₀ are dominated by LREEs. The higher contents of total REEs and LREEs in the coal-burning PM₁₀ are associated with the higher ash yields and lower volatile contents in the raw coals. A comparative analysis indicates that the La/Sm ratios in the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals and briquettes, being lower than 2, are lower than those in the particles from gasoline-powered vehicle emission.     

混沌理论在事故分析及预测中的应用

在对江苏常州市某公司安全事故资料进行大量调查与统计的基础上,应用混沌理论分析了该公司安全事故的混沌特征,指出了事故对初始条件的敏感依赖性和事故的长期不可预测性。应用重构相空间理论对安全事故次数的时间序列进行了分析和预测。同时,还对安全事故统计资料进行了R/S分析,得出该时间序列以2 0 0 1年6月为界限,存在两个Hurst指数,H1=1.6 82 8和H2 =0 .2 936 ,表明在以3个月为时间统计尺度的条件下,事故发生次数在前一时间段整体表现为持久相关性,而在后一时间段表现为反持久相关性。预测与分析结果与实际情况符合较好,表明应用混沌理论进行事故分析与预测是可行的,反映了事故的发展趋势。