A perspective analysis on municipal solid waste(MSW) energy recovery in China

Ａｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅ（ＭＳＷ）ｅｎｅｒｇｙｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａＨｅＰｉｎｊｉｎｇ，ＳｈａｏＬｉｍｉｎｇＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＰｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＣｏｎｔｒｏｌａｎ...     

广州市气溶胶中多环芳烃分布、季节性变化及来源判识指标

多环芳烃（PAH）具致癌特性,研究气溶胶中的PAH在不同功能区中的分布、变化及来源,具有重要意义。使用大流量总悬浮颗粒采样器,在广州市区5个代表性功能区采集季节性气溶胶样品共25个。用GC-FID、GC-MSD定量和半定量分析PAH组份。研究区气溶胶中检测出23种母核PAH,50多种烷基PAH。优先控制的PAH含量随功能区和季节而变化,其秋、夏季平均浓度具工业区＞商业区＞交通区＞化工区的分布特征,秋季优控PAH浓度高于春、夏季。根据荧蒽／芘和间四联苯／荧蒽比值等指标判别,区内PAH主要来源于油、煤类等燃料的不完全燃烧。     

因子分析与聚类法的复合模型在水环境评价和管理中的应用

以2001-2003年巢湖监测数据为依据,采用因子分析、聚类分析方法的复合模型进行计算,结果表明:2001-2003年间,影响巢湖水质的污染因子发生了改变,同时定量诊断出水污染因子对巢湖水质的贡献率,合理划分出各类水环境管理区域,并提出相应的水环境管理措施.在巢湖水环境管理分区中,可以大体分为2大类,在各类中可以再细分为几小类,西半巢湖属于重污染,为水环境控制区域,东半巢湖污染相对较轻,为水环境控制和自净区域.结果分析表明,复合模型具有一定的可靠性和准确性,具有一定的参考实用价值.     

水位调控法恢复富营养化水体沉水植物技术研究——以无锡五里湖为例

利用降低水位后引种水生植物(尤其是沉水植物),然后根据水生植物的成活率与长势,逐步提高水位的水位调控方法,成功地在无锡市五里湖的退渔还湖区域大大地提高了水生植物覆盖度,水生植物的多样性也明显提高。该方法具有操作简单、见效快、成本低廉的特点,值得在类似富营养化水体的生态环境治理中推广应用。     

长光路FTIR研究HFC152a光化学反应

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）在对流层中的化学反应，氯离子作反应的引发剂，用相对速度方法测定了ＨＦＣ１５２ａ与Ｃｌ原子反应速率常数为（２．３±０．５）×１０＾－１３ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｓ＾－１（２９８±Ｋ）。ＨＦＣ１５２ａ在对流层中的主要含氟光解产物为ＣＯＦ２，产率为８８％。有关反应机理进行了讨论。     

膨润土改性及其在分散大红溶液脱色处理中的应用

采用新型无机—有机改性方法，对浙江临安膨润土进行改性，有效地将双长链阳离子表面活性剂引入膨润土层间，从而提高了有机膨润土的亲油性和对废水中有机污染物的吸附能力。     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.     

Treatment and resource recovery from inorganic fluoride-containing waste produced by the pesticide industry

The rapid development of the fluorinated pesticide industry has produced a large amount of fluorine-containing hazardous waste, especially inorganic fluoride-containing waste(IFCW). A two-step process, including extraction and recovery, was developed to recover fluorine as synthetic cryolite from IFCW produced by the pesticide industry. The optimum conditions for extraction were found to be a temperature of 75℃, an initial p H(p Hi) of 12, a4-hr incubation time and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40 m L/g; these conditions resulted in a fluorine extraction ratio of 99.0%. The effects of p H and the F/Al molar ratio on fluorine recovery and the compositional, mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the cryolite products were investigated. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy of recovered precipitates showed changes in morphology with the F/Al molar ratio. Coupling Fourier transform and infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction indicated that the formation of Al F3-6was restricted as increasing p H. Both the amount of fluorine recovered and the quality of the cryolite were optimized at initial p H = 3 and a F/Al molar ratio 5.75. This study proposed a reliable and environmentally friendly method for the treatment of fluoridecontaining wastes, which could be suitable for industrial applications.     

大气中的硝酸及其相关因素

采集了173个大气样品,测定其HNO_3含量,同时测定了O_3、NO_2、NH_3、t、RH,并对数据进行了多元逐步回归处理。结果表明,O_3与HNO_3相关最好。与HNO_3呈正相关的是O_3、NO_2、t;呈负相关的是NH_3、RH。通过HNO_3、NH_3的浓度,计算了平衡常数,证明在低湿度下大气中存在固态NH_4NO_3与气态HNO_3、NH3的平衡。     

固定化微生物处理含H2S气体的试验研究

研究海藻酸钠包理固定化微生物颗粒填充床去除气相Ｈ２Ｓ的过程,活性微生物为经Ｓ＾２－加富驯化的污水水污泥。填充滴滤塔运行实验表明,除Ｈ２Ｓ外适宜的ＰＨ值和喷淋率分别为１．８－４．０和〉０．１７ｍ＾３（ｍ＾３．ｄ）;