第四纪红壤不同熟化措施下的阴离子态养分含量及其剖面分布

本文对第四纪红壤及其发育的土壤中的６种必需阴离子态养分含量及其在土壤剖面中的分布进行了系统的讨论．结果表明，第四纪红壤中的各种必需阴离子态养分含量与土壤耕作熟化措施有关．荒地的ＮＯ、Ｃｌ－、Ｈ２ＢＯ较高，而开垦为旱地后，它们的含量下降；Ｈ２ＰＯ在土壤经过耕作熟化后有所提高；ＭｏＯ的含量则基本保持不变；与其它阴离子显著不同的是．经耕作熟化后，土壤有效性ＳＯ含量急剧增加，不同的阴离子态养分在土壤剖面中的分布特点不同．     

淮河以南若干中小城市燃料煤硫品位的控制标准

采用国家二级标准（０．１５ｍｇ．ｍ＾－３）作为南方中小城市的环境标准值，硫品位标准应控制在１．３２％以下。对比南方各中小城市１９８７年使用的煤硫品位，在９８个城市中，有４４个城市符合标准，另有５４个城市应控制高硫煤使用量或应用脱硫技术，以减少大气中ＳＯ２浓度。     

用四乙烯五胺制得的高效除油浮选剂及性能

研究了用四乙烯五胺与甲醛、尿素、环氧氯丙烷合成高分子浮选剂的条件，并用充气浮选法考察了产品性能。浮选剂的合成分两步，首先用四乙烯五胺、甲醛、尿素进行Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应制得聚和单体，然后用聚合单体与一定比例的环氧氯丙烷聚合和季铵化。着重研究了四乙烯五胺与环氧氯丙烷的不同摩尔比对产物性能的影响，并把其产物的浮选性能与用甲胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二乙醇胺制得产物的浮选性相比，结果表明；四乙烯五胺与环氧氯丙烷的最佳摩尔比为１：１．５；用四乙烯五胺制得的浮选剂的浮选效果比用甲胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二乙醇胶制得的要好。     

不同 pH 浸提条件对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣重金属浸出影响研究

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣富集了大量重金属,对环境有严重影响。对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣以（ HJ／T 299－2007）硫酸硝酸法浸提,在不同的pH浸提条件下对炉渣中重金属浸出特性进行了实验研究。结果表明重金属浸出量随着浸出pH的下降有明显上升趋势,尤其在酸性条件下有明显提升。炉渣在酸雨长期浸泡下会浸出大量重金属,对周边土壤及地下水造成严重影响。     

阻燃剂废水的处理及回收利用

采用电化学氧化、电气浮与Fenton强氧化性协同作用的电解Fenton法预处理难降解阻燃剂废水(CODCr=17108mg/L),CODCr去除率达98.34%,色度去除率达74.19%。其适宜操作条件是:pH=2.0～2.6;电流密度10.8～14.3A/dm2;H2O2起始摩尔浓度27～42mmol/L;FeSO4起始质量浓度660～990mg/L;电解5h。处理后取废水50mL,HCl(1∶1)67mL,NaAlO230g,FeCl3·6H2O4g,加热回流反应2h制成聚合氯化铝铁无机高分子絮凝剂(Al2O39.93%、Fe2O30.75%、盐基度68.0%左右)。该絮凝剂在pH=7～9时有良好的絮凝效果。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势

本文综述了我国城市生活垃圾的常规处理方法,根据垃圾处理的无害化、减量化、资源化原则,分析了在垃圾处理过程中存在的主要问题,并论述了垃圾处理的发展趋势。     

高含氯采油废水CODcr测定质量控制方法研究

通过对高含氯采油废水CODcr测定过程中因稀释产生的滴定误差和高含氯采油废水现场加标回收率测定结果的分析,提出了适宜高含氯采油废水的质量控制方法,既空白试验值判断法、平行双样法和密码样控制法。     

引导儿童用植物净化家居空气

家居内的空气污染,是现代生活方式的一种产物,而且,这种污染的程度,会随着人们对新潮物质享受的追求而不断增加。因此,应该及早引导儿童关注身边的污染,并设法减轻它的危害,笔者按照下面的思路引导儿童认识并采取行动：讲述居室空气被有毒气体污染的调查结果并说明污染的成因和危害性;介绍具有净化空气功能的植物;传授几种植物的培植方法,将改善居所空气污染状况的愿望,变成呵护花木的实际行动;以两种植物的长势为例,说明放在居所里的花木,如果生机勃勃,就是它们净化空气功能的体现。对居所存在空气污染的调查美国国家环保局…     

Using loose nanofiltration membrane for lake water treatment: A pilot study

• A pilot study was conducted for drinking water treatment using loose NF membranes. • The membranes had very high rejection of NOM and medium rejection of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺. • Organic fouling was dominant and contribution of inorganic fouling was substantial. • Both organic and inorganic fouling had spatial non-uniformity on membrane surface. • Applying EDTA at basic conditions was effective in removing membrane fouling. Nanofiltration (NF) using loose membranes has a high application potential for advanced treatment of drinking water by selectively removing contaminants from the water, while membrane fouling remains one of the biggest problems of the process. This paper reported a seven-month pilot study of using a loose NF membrane to treat a sand filtration effluent which had a relatively high turbidity (~0.4 NTU) and high concentrations of organic matter (up to 5 mg/L as TOC), hardness and sulfate. Results showed that the membrane demonstrated a high rejection of TOC (by>90%) and a moderately high rejection of two pesticides (54%–82%) while a moderate rejection of both calcium and magnesium (~45%) and a low rejection of total dissolved solids (~27%). The membrane elements suffered from severe membrane fouling, with the membrane permeance decreased by 70% after 85 days operation. The membrane fouling was dominated by organic fouling, while biological fouling was moderate. Inorganic fouling was mainly caused by deposition of aluminum-bearing substances. Though inorganic foulants were minor contents on membrane, their contribution to overall membrane fouling was substantial. Membrane fouling was not uniform on membrane. While contents of organic and inorganic foulants were the highest at the inlet and outlet region, respectively, the severity of membrane fouling increased from the inlet to the outlet region of membrane element with a difference higher than 30%. While alkaline cleaning was not effective in removing the membrane foulants, the use of ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) at alkaline conditions could effectively restore the membrane permeance.     

广州市PM10的时空变化特征分析

广州市的空气颗粒物污染呈逐年加重趋势,因此利用2001-2004年广州市空气自动监测点(国控点)监测的PM10日平均质量浓度资料,分析了广州市PM10的时空变化特征.统计结果表明,广州市PM10年平均质量浓度逐年递增,月平均质量浓度和季节变化趋势也较明显,秋冬季节污染较重,春夏季节污染较轻;污染较重的是海珠区和黄埔区,污染较轻的为越秀区、天河区和花都区;主成分分析显示各监测点对广州市PM10污染的贡献相当,不同监测点之间PM10质量浓度的变化主要受大尺度上的天气现象影响.