废水生物处理技术研究进展

分析了废水生物处理的特点和废水生物处理反应器的发展概况，对废水生物处理技术的新进展作了简要的介绍，并列举了一些典型例子。     

济南市背景区域大气PM2.5污染特征及其对能见度的影响

为研究背景地区大气PM_(2. 5)化学组分季节变化特征及对能见度的影响,本研究于2016年春、夏、秋、冬在济南市七星台采集大气PM_(2. 5)样品,分析其中水溶性离子组分及OC、EC的污染特征并研究其区域传输贡献.结果表明,NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-三者之和占年均离子总浓度的90. 24%,二次生成的水溶性无机离子污染较为严重. NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-)呈现出明显的冬高夏低的季节性变化特征.各季节的SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+主要以(NH4)2SO4结合的形式存在. SOC/OC的范围是21. 17%～54. 21%,表明该地区存在较为严重的二次有机污染.四季SOR值均大于0. 1,显示本区域四季均有SO_4~(2-)的二次生成,四季NOR的值均高于SOR,可知NO2的二次转化强于SO2的二次转化.大气消光系数(Bext)的范围是172. 68～320. 61 Mm-1,年均值为256. 48Mm-1,大气消光系数呈现明显的夏低冬高的季节性趋势.后推气流轨迹显示七星台地区春、夏季主要受长距离传输和海洋源的影响,秋、冬季主要受局地源的影响.对比2008年济南市大气PM_(2. 5)污染特征研究,结果显示机动车对大气环境影响显著提升.     

Zn2+ loading as a critical contributor to the circ_0008553-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposures

Inflammation is a major adverse outcome induced by inhaled particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), and a critical trigger of most PM_2.5 exposure-associated diseases. However, the key molecular events regulating the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation are yet to be elucidated. Considering the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating inflammation, we predicted 11 circRNAs that may be involved in the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation using three previously reported miRNAs through the starBase website. A novel circRNA circ_0008553 was identified to be responsible for the PM_2.5-activated inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) via inducing oxidative stress. Using a combinatorial model PM_2.5 library, we found that the synergistic effect of the insoluble core and loaded Zn²⁺ ions at environmentally relevant concentrations was the major contributor to the upregulation of circ_0008553 and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM_2.5 exposures. Our findings provided new insight into the intervention of PM_2.5-induced adverse outcomes.     

硫化物废水的生物处理技术研究

生物脱硫工艺与传统工艺相比,具有明显的优越性。文章介绍了硫化物废水的各种处理技术、特点及原理,综述了国内外生物脱硫的研究现状,重点阐述了硫化物废水生物处理的几个重要的影响因素：溶解氧、pH值、硫化物负荷、反应器及填料的类型,指出利用基因工程技术构建的新型工程茵株将具有更好的脱硫效果。     

油品蒸发损耗及其回收处理技术

油品在储运、销售、应用过程中,存在着大量的蒸发损耗,油气回收是解决这一问题最有效的方法.常用的油气回收处理方法包括燃烧法、冷凝法、溶剂吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法等.将不同的回收方法进行有机组合,能实现技术互补,进而提高油气的回收效率.对油气回收系统进行评价,显示出其良好的社会、环境、经济效益.     

京津冀水源涵养生态服务供体区与受体区范围的划分

京津冀水资源问题已经严重制约区域经济发展,定量分析研究区水源涵养生态服务供受关系,有助于深刻理解区域上下游之间的生态联系,促进区域生态公平,实现区域社会持续健康发展.利用降水储量法、水量平衡法及水源涵养生态服务供体区与受体区划分方法,分析2000-2010年京津冀净水源涵养量空间格局,划分研究区水源涵养生态服务供体区和受体区范围.结果表明:①冀北燕山山区净水源涵养量最高,年均值为65.24~81.35 mm,其次是冀西太行山山区,年均值为46.47~61.28 mm;净水源涵养量负值区主要分布在东部沿海和大中小城市,年均值为-130.46~-152.39 mm.②水源涵养生态服务供体区占研究区面积的41.42%,单位面积（m2,下同）平均净供水量为0.03~0.07 m3;水源涵养生态服务平衡区面积占25.01%;水源涵养生态服务受体区面积占33.57%,单位面积平均净需水量为0.18~0.41 m3,是供体区供水能力的6倍左右.③从流域来看,滦河流域的承德市为天津市、秦皇岛市及唐山市供应水资源,年均供水总量为23.7×108 m3;永定河流域的张家口市为北京市供应水资源,年均供水总量为5.3×108 m3;大清河流域的保定市为北京市及天津市西南部供应水资源,年均供水总量为8.2×108 m3;但子牙河流域和漳卫河流域供水能力严重不足.研究显示,燕山山区和太行山山区为水源涵养生态服务供体区,东部沿海和大中小城市为主要水源涵养生态服务受体区,水源涵养生态服务供体区净水源涵养能力不能满足水源涵养生态服务受体区需水量,整个研究区供受关系严重失衡.      

污水处理厂达标外排水对受纳水体影响的研究

文章通过模拟实验发现污水处理厂达标外排水对受纳水体具有明显的生态效应。实验结果表明,水中有机物与叶绿素都随接纳水量而增加,COD除3#比对照低32％外,2、4和5#中COD分别比对照高93％、46％和46％;叶绿素除3群比对照低51．7％外,2、4和5#中叶绿素分别比对照高129．9％、106．5％和81．8％。总氮随接纳水量的增加而显著增加,而水中总磷与接纳废水量的关系并不显著。根据Redfield比值。判断,对照体系1#中氮磷相对平衡,而接纳水量最少的2#系统N起限制作用,随着接纳水量的进一步增加,磷则成为主要的限制性因素。同时,外排水对受纳水体溶解性无机盐的积累贡献明显,2#～5#体系在45d内TSS的相对积累率分别达到153．9％、118．3％、243．3％和312．6％。外排水对受纳水体底泥有机质含量的影响也十分显著,2#-5撑体系底泥中的有机物比对照体系都显著降低,分解速率平均提高3倍。这说明接纳水中的有机物并没有引起水体中有机物的沉降与积聚,反而促进了底泥中有机物的矿质化过程。     

Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM2.5 at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain (NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM_2.5 and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_2.5. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 111 μg/m³ during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_2.5 mass, and NO₃^? ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH₄⁺ was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, and Cl^? might be present in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NH₄Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO₂ and NO₂ was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO₄^2- formation. We found that NO₃^? mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N₂O₅ in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_2.5: secondary origin (37.8%), vehicular emissions (34.7%), biomass burning (11.5%), coal combustion (9.4%), and crustal dust (6.6%).     

五大连池地区天然矿泉生态环境评价

五大连池矿泉是世界著名的三大冷矿泉之一,是中国十分宝贵的地下矿产资源。具有极为广阔的市场前景。对于科研、旅游、生产都有着十分重要的意义。但是在不断的开发过程中也造成诸如水质下降,生态环境的破坏等一系列问题。因此本文选取五大连池地区60处天然矿泉进行基础生态环境调查与评估工作,并根据天然矿泉周围的生态环境和污染程度分为4类。主要讨论五大连池地区天然矿泉资源周围的生态状况及存在的问题,并制定了相应的保护对策。     

奥林匹克公园网球中心污水处理工程中不同组件的膜生物反应器对比研究

奥林匹克公园网球中心污水处理工程主体处理工艺为两套膜生物反应器,两套膜生物反应器并联运行,膜组件分别采用板式膜和管式膜。对两套不同组件的膜生物反应器进行对比研究,结果表明:出水水质均较好;与板式膜膜生物反应器相比,管式膜膜生物反应器流程复杂、清洗过程繁琐、膜分离单元电费和药剂费高,但是维修更换简便。