Lateral velocity distribution in open channels with partially flexible submerged vegetation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - This study implemented three analytical models to investigate the lateral distribution of depth-averaged streamwise velocity in a rectangular channel with lateral,...     

合肥地区不同类型源头溪流暂态存储能力及氮磷滞留特征

为揭示合肥地区不同类型源头溪流暂态存储能力及氮磷吸收滞留的基本特征,在城区和城郊筛选4条典型源头溪流,并以NH4Cl、KH2PO4为添加营养盐,以Na Cl为保守型示踪剂,开展现场示踪实验.在此基础上,利用OTIS模型水文参数(D、A、As和α),计算暂态存储指标(Ts、Tc、Ls、Rh和F200med),进而开展暂态存储能力分析,并以NH+4-N和SRP一阶吸收系数(λ、λs)解析氮磷滞留特征.结果表明:4条溪流水体的α值均处于10-4~10-3数量级;各溪流Tc基本都显著超过Ts,意味着这些溪流水体溶质滞留效应主要来自主渠道流动水体,而不是暂态存储区;根据Tc、Ts、Ls和Rh等指标,得到各源头溪流暂态存储能力排序为:二十埠河二级支流二十埠河一级支流十五里河源头段关镇河支渠;4条源头溪流主渠道流动水体与暂态存储区的NH+4-N、SRP滞留特征存在很大的差异,并且二十埠河一、二级支流和十五里河均不同程度出现λ-NH+4、λs-NH+4为负值的现象,意味着这些水体对于NH+4-N既具有短期存储作用,也起着"源"的作用.     

乌江水库水体中有机胶粒的三维荧光特征研究

超滤与三维荧光光谱的结合可以表征不同类型荧光物质相对分子量的分布规律,揭示它们的来源以及组分差异.本项研究用截留相对分子量为1 000和10 000的再生纤维素超滤膜,对乌江水库不同深度水体中的溶解有机质进行了分离,利用三维荧光光谱表征了3种不同相对分子量组分中发荧光有机质的光谱特征.结果表明:荧光物质主要存在于真溶液(＜1 000)中.水体在丰水期和枯水期的荧光峰存在差异.丰水期主要存在4种类型的荧光峰:类富里酸荧光A峰和C峰,类蛋白荧光峰B峰和D峰.枯水期则只表现出3种类型的荧光峰,类富里酸荧光峰C不明显,原因可能是此时水库处于蓄水状态,内部生物活动作用显著,产生的类蛋白荧光物质强度较大从而掩盖峰C的强度.然而72 m以下由于厌氧还原条件的出现,沉积物向水体释放了溶解有机质组分,原本强度被掩盖的荧光峰C明显出现在1 000～10 000组分中.     

多金属氧酸盐非均相光催化降解处理有机废水的研究进展

非均相光催化氧化是一种催化剂易于回收利用且研究广泛的高级氧化技术。本文综述了多金属氧酸盐(POMs)非均相光催化降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状。该类非均相光催化剂主要包括负载型POMs(载体主要有半导体氧化物、离子交换树脂和分子筛)、POMs复合膜材料、不溶性盐和多元复合物。讨论了其制备方法、降解效果、反应机理和重复使用性。最后,指出了该领域未来可能的研究方向,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

Performance of Gd-doped Ti-based Sb-SnO2 anodes for electrochemical destruction of phenol

The performance of electrodes for the electro-catalytic decomposition of a model pollutant (phenol) was enhanced using Gd-doped Ti/SnO(2)-Sb electrodes prepared by a thermal deposition method. Phenol degradation followed first-order rate kinetics, with the maximum rate achieved using a 2% Gd doping level (molar ratio based on Gd:Sn) for tests conducted over a doping range of 1-10%. The first-order rate constant with 2% Gd was 0.044 min(-1), versus 0.026 min(-1) obtained with the control (plain Ti/SnO(2)-Sb). TOC removal and UV scans revealed that different intermediates were produced for different Gd contents, and that destruction efficiencies of these intermediates also varied with Gd doping levels of 1-5%. Electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photon-electron spectroscopy. It is suggested that the state of specific active sites on the electrode surface and the oxygen transfer activity at the electrode/electrolyte interface affect the performance of anodes with different compositions.     

广州市莲塘村风水林群落特征及植物多样性

风水林是极具南方地域特色的植被景观与物种储存库,是接近地带性植被特性的一种群落类型.研究风水林,对丰富和发展环境科学、生态科学、林业科学和园林科学,具有重要意义.本研究在广州市莲塘村村后风水林设立了样带、标准地和样方,对其乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物进行详细调查,结果表明,该区共有植物73种,隶属于33个科57个属.其植物种类丰富,以茜草科、樟科、大戟科、壳斗科、莎草科、桃金娘科植物占优势.该群落具有南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落的典型群落结构,垂直结构分层现象明显,层次清晰.文章对树种丰富度、Shannon-Winner指数、Simpson多样性指数、种间相遇机率以及均匀度等多样性指标的研究表明:该群落具有较大的物种丰富度,植物多样性较高,物种分布均匀,不同种之间相遇几率较大,其生物多样性各项指标远远大于尾叶桉人工纯林.该风水林群落是目前广州市保存较完好的具有典型地带特色的少数自然林之一,它的研究成果对以后生态公益林造林有极大的参考价值.     

Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu, China

Three treatments, sediment plus lake water (S+W), sterilized sediment plus lake water (SS+W), and sediment plus filtered lake water (S+FW), were recruited to investigate the growth characteristics of algae during pre-bloom and the importance of algal inocula in the water column and sediment. The results showed that in the water column, biomass of all algae increased in all treatments when recruitment was initiated, whereas this tendency differed among treatments with further increment of temperature. The process of algal growth consisted of two stages: Stage I, the onset of recruitment and Stage II, the subsequent growth of algae. Compared with S+W, in Stage I, SS+W significantly increased the biomass of cyanophytes by 178.70%, and decreased the biomass of non-cyanophytes by 43.40%; In Stage II, SS+W notably stimulated the growth of all algae, thus incurring the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom. Further analyses revealed that both metabolic activity and photochemical activity of algae were enhanced in SS+W, which resulted from the releasing of nutrients from sediment. These results suggest that algal growth in Stage II and algal inocula in the water column can be important factors for the formation of phytoplankton bloom. In addition, possible mechanisms promoting algal recruitment and subsequent growth of algae were explored.     

Determining the origin and fate of nitrate in the Nanyang Basin,Central China,using environmental isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Identifying sources of nitrate contamination has been a long-term challenge in areas with different land uses. We investigated the biogeochemical...     

滨海不同生境下盐地碱蓬生物量分配特征研究

盐地碱蓬是黄河三角洲重要的先锋植物,抗盐能力强,分布范围广,对维持该地区生态系统稳定和演替发挥着重要作用。通过野外取样测定,研究了潮间带和潮上带盐地碱蓬种群的形态及生物量分配特征。在个体大小上,潮间带盐地碱蓬在株高和地径上显著低于潮上带盐地碱蓬;潮上带盐地碱蓬密集分布的株高高于散生分布,而生物量低于散生分布。在生物量分配特征上,潮间带盐地碱蓬Ⅰ以发展花、叶为主,潮上带盐地碱蓬Ⅱ的密集分布以优先发展茎为主,潮上带盐地碱蓬Ⅲ的散生分布以发展枝为主,属于种群发展的稳定阶段。因此,盐地碱蓬通过形态特征及生物量分配特征的调节,以适应潮间带和潮上带的不同生境特征,从而达到种群维持和土壤改良的目的。     

大型矿区规划环评中的大气环境影响预测

文章从大型矿区规划环境影响评价的提出和研究现状出发,结合所作的榆神、榆横、神东等多个大型矿区规划环境影响评价实际工作,提出了多源叠加的高斯模型法、箱式模型法、面源模型法等多种可以用于模拟矿区大气环境影响的方法,并分析了各种方法的适用性及其难点,根据分析结果,将多源叠加的高斯模型法和箱式模型法分别应用于榆神矿区和神东矿区的大气环境影响预测中。预测结果表明,多源叠加的高斯模型法灵活多变,而箱模式简单易行。