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41.
Atsushi Terazono Yuichi Moriguchi Shin-ichi Sakai Hiroshi Takatsuki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):80-88
This study evaluated the environmental impacts of sprayed-on asbestos, which had been used as insulation material in buildings,
from multiple perspectives, mainly at the disposal stage. The health risks from asbestos emission and energy consumption were
estimated. Two disposal scenarios were assumed for the asbestos: melting for reduced-risk disposal and ordinary packaging/landfilling.
We estimated the asbestos emission and health risk in the case of packaging/landfilling, assuming uncontrolled management
of the landfill site. A difficulty with introducing health-risk concepts into life cycle assessment (LCA) is the pulse–flux
problem, which is discussed in the light of these estimations. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a method using
a conversion factor representing exposure-dose/emission, and showed that emission could be converted into health risk. We
also estimated the energy consumption for melting asbestos in the disposal stage, which can decrease the health risk. If we
consider the energy consumption for the life cycle of asbestos, only a little energy is required for melting, compared with
the large amount of energy saved in the use stage owing to the insulating effect of the asbestos. The trade-off relationship
between health risk and energy consumption for the disposal scenarios indicated the need for weighting methods to handle trade-offs
such as this.
Received: July 2, 1998 / Accepted: December 20, 1999 相似文献
42.
This paper reports on the relationships between creative mental sets and rule-violating actions using questionnaires answered by 218 nursing workers. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The results revealed five factors of creative mental sets: curiosity, minutiae, inquiry, sensitivity, and courage. In addition, rule-violating actions were found to consist of three factors: violation of regulations, violation of local rules, and self-style. The results of multiple regression analyses showed a negative relation between curiosity and regular rule violation. Negative correlations were observed among minutiae, inquiry, and local rule violation. Furthermore, the mean score of local rule violation of a person who thinks that it is important for the work environment to offer high and excellent care is significantly higher than that of those who think that other environmental considerations are more important. The result elucidated the necessity of using workers’ heuristics in the process of improving safety rules as well as improving their acceptability to workers. This point is important and applicable not only in the field of patient safety management systems, but also in other fields. 相似文献
43.
Tatsunori Yamagishi Tomoyuki Miyazaki Kazuyuki Akiyama Masatoshi Morita Junichi Nakagawa Shozo Horii Seiji Kaneko 《Chemosphere》1981,10(10):1137-1144
This paper describes the analyses of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds in diphenyl ether herbicides, CNP, NIP, and X-52. The levels of tetra-, penta-CDDs, and tetra-CDFs were about 150, 30, and 15 ppm, respectively in CNP formulations. NIP and X-52 contained lower chlorine alalogs. Isomer distribution of PCDDs in CNP agreed with an estimate from the reaction of chlorophenols. Freshwater fish samples heavily contaminated with CNP in the application season also contained 0.2 ppb of 1,3,6,8-tetra-CDD. 相似文献
44.
Reiko Mitsuya Yuichi Ebine Manami Nozaki Kageyu Noro 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):393-403
This paper introduces preventive measures against Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during Visual Display Units (VDU) work. Four experiments were conducted in order to address this issue. The effectiveness of the preventative measures was evaluated by measuring foot swelling. The results indicated that the following 3 methods would be particularly effective: (a) occasionally adopting a reclining posture with a footrest, (b) 10-min walking every 50-60 min of VDU work, and (3) stretching. In addition we predicted that taking a deep breath could sometimes be effective. DVT is likely to occur in daily life and its incidence can be related to the long-term postures associated with VDU work. This paper suggests that VDU workers should be aware of the risk of DVT and take preventative measures. 相似文献
45.
Guido Plaza Hideo Sakaji Hitoshi Honda Yuichi Hirota Kazuya Nashida 《Marine Biology》2007,152(5):1051-1064
Spawning pattern (assessed by seasonal changes in ovarian developmental stages) and type of fecundity (assessed by analysis
of oocyte-size frequency distributions) of the round herring Etrumeus teres were studied in relation to ovarian growth and seasonal changes in the gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI) and liposomatic
(LSI) index as well as the somatic condition of spawners (CS) in a spawning ground of southern Japan. Except for summer, mature
and recently spawned ovaries occurred all year round. Oogonia and primary oocytes were present in all ovaries, and cortical
alveoli stage (CA) oocytes occurred in all mature, hydrated and partially spent (PS) females (PS: females containing post-ovulatory
follicles). Before hydration, a clutch of larger yolked oocytes, undergoing synchronous growth (range 0.7–1.1 mm), was present
in mature ovaries which was completely separated from a more heterogeneous clutch of oogonia, primary and secondary oocytes
(<0.150 mm) and oocytes in the CA stage (range 0.15–0.60 mm). As vitellogenesis progressed, the yolked clutch increased in
size but the CA oocytes remained arrested. The latter entered into the secondary growth phase when hydration started in the
advanced batch. Ovarian growth was isometric in all developmental stages, validating the use of GSI, which showed a consistent
monthly evolution among years. Spawning stopped in summer (July and August) and peaked in winter and spring. HSI correlated
positively with GSI on both a monthly mean basis (r = 0.76) and individual fish basis (liver weight explained 67–83% of the variability in ovary weight when females were grouped
into 1-unit GSI intervals) suggesting a significant role of liver in vitellogenesis. LSI and CS also showed marked seasonal
changes peaking from summer to middle autumn. Overall results suggest that E. teres is a multiple spawner with a group-synchronous ovarian development and indeterminate annual fecundity, with the three processes
linked to an isometric growth of the ovary. We propose that such a reproductive pattern is an adaptation to produce batches
of large pelagic eggs through a protracted spawning season. 相似文献
46.
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar biphenyls (Co-PCBs) were determined in Japanese human adipose tissues. Temporal trends were assessed by comparing data collected during 1970-1971, 1994-1996 and 2000. Mean TEQ levels of PCDD/Fs in human adipose tissue showed a significant decrease from 31.6 +/- 9.2 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 1970-1971 to 11.9 +/- 7.4 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 2000, and coplanar PCBs decreased from 35.4 +/- 21.9 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 1970-1971 to 15.3 +/- 8.2 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 2000. However, some PCB congener concentrations did not change during this time. A comparison of data using the latest PCB-TEQ showed no significant changes. Therefore, research on source characterization and monitoring of short-term temporal trends on these compounds should be carried out continuously. 相似文献
47.
Kunisue T Nakanishi S Watanabe M Abe T Nakatsu S Kawauchi S Sano A Horii A Kano Y Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(3):465-476
Concentrations of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and their metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordane compounds were determined in genital organs of pet dogs and cats and pet foods from Japan. Levels of OCs in dogs were relatively lower than those in cats, while residue levels in their diets were almost similar, implying that accumulation and elimination mechanisms of these contaminants are different between dogs and cats. When bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were estimated from concentrations of OCs in dogs, cats, and their diets, BCFs of all the OCs except PCDD/DFs exceeded 1.0 in cats. On the other hand, in all the dogs, BCFs of DDTs were below 1.0, suggesting that dogs do not bioconcentrate DDTs. Furthermore, BCFs of all the OCs except PCDD/DFs in dogs were notably lower than those in cats, suggesting that dogs have higher metabolic and elimination capacity for these contaminants than cats. When residue levels of OCs in livers, adipose tissue, and genital organs of two pet dogs were examined, hepatic sequestration of PCDD/DFs and oxychlordane was observed. 相似文献
48.
Bees are important pollinators for many flowering plants. Female bees are thought to be more effective pollinators than male
bees because they carry much more pollen than males. Males of some solitary bee species are known to patrol near flowers that
females visit. Because patrolling males visit flowers to mate or defend their territories, they may function as pollinators.
However, the significance of patrolling males to pollination has not been studied. We studied males of a solitary bee, Heriades fulvohispidus (Megachilidae), patrolling near flowers and visiting flowers that attracted nectar-feeding insects, including conspecifics,
on the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. To test the hypothesis that patrolling male bees may function as pollen vectors, we compared
the frequency of visits by H. fulvohispidus to flowers of an endemic plant, Schima mertensiana (Theaceae); comparisons were made among flowers with a dead H. fulvohispidus, a dead beetle, a piece of plastic, and nothing (control flowers). Patrolling H. fulvohispidus more frequently visited flowers with a dead conspecific, a dead beetle, or a piece of plastic than the control flowers. Our
experiment demonstrates that nectar-feeding insects (including conspecifics and other insects) enhance the flower-visiting
frequency of patrolling H. fulvohispidus males on S. mertensiana flowers. Furthermore, we observed S. mertensiana pollen on patrolling males as well as females, suggesting that male bees may also function as pollen vectors. 相似文献
49.
Hidenao Hasegawa Hirofumi Tsukada Hitoshi Kawabata Yuki Chikuchi Yuichi Takaku Shun'ichi Hisamatsu 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Direct deposition of radioactive material onto crops is one important pathway for safety assessment of radionuclides released from nuclear facilities. Foliar uptake of Cs by radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Redchim) was studied by applying droplets of Cs solution (CsCl or CsNO3) on an upper leaf surface. The uptake of Cs was strongly affected by counter anions of Cs in the applied solution. Approximately 80% of Cs was absorbed for CsCl solution, while only 20% was absorbed for CsNO3. The partition of absorbed Cs between leaf and root tuber was quite similar for both Cs compounds, which indicated that behavior of the absorbed Cs in radish was the same for both. 相似文献
50.
CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission and economic growth of Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amin Yousefi-Sahzabi Kyuro Sasaki Hossein Yousefi Yuichi Sugai 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(1):63-82
This research investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Iran over 14 years from 1994 to 2007 using a national panel data set. The statistical and emission intensity methodologies are used for analyzing the data series. The study finds evidence supporting parameters which conclude the stability of significant correlation between CO2 emission and economic development over time during the years under investigation in Iran. This relationship is investigated and discussed for the energy sectors of the country as well. The results confirm that in all sectors except of agricultural, there is a positive strong correlation between CO2 emission and economic growth throughout the study period. In most sectors, CO2 emission intensity (the emission per unit of GDP) doesn’t show increasing trends while the absolute emission is rapidly increasing by the economic growth. 相似文献