Groundwater quality under the influence of spent mushroom substrate weathering

Nitrate and other solutes resulting from field-weathering of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) percolate into underlying soils and may migrate to groundwater. A field trial was conducted to investigate the potential influences of SMS weathering on groundwater quality. Spent mushroom substrate was deposited at 90 and 150 cm pile depths over a Typic Hapludult and weathered for 2 years. Eight casing wells were installed around the SMS piles to monitor the quality changes of groundwater with a high seasonal water table of 760 cm below the surface. Although leachate solutes had moved more than 200 cm deep in soil from the surface, no significant changes of groundwater quality caused by SMS weathering were observed even one year after removal of the SMS piles (3 years total). The groundwater had pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 4.3-5.7, 0.2-0.3 dS m(-1) and 0.7-2.2 mg L(-1), respectively. The major inorganic ions were Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Na(+), Cl(-), SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-), with a concentration range of 2.5-68.3 mg L(-1). The results suggest that SMS leachate solutes migrated fairly slow in deep subsurface soils of the experimental field. Considering that leachate solutes may move several meters in soil through preferential flow channels, weathering of SMS in fields with a high seasonal groundwater table >or=5 m below the ground is recommended. Conservatively, SMS weathering should be conducted on compact surfaces and leachate be collected and reused as liquid fertilizers.     

上海磁悬浮快速列车环境振动影响探讨

通过对磁悬浮快速列车沿线两侧区域振动监测,得出振动级VLzmax与列车速度有较好的相关性,实测得出了振动随车速变化的衰减系数。同时给出了振动随离轨道距离变化的衰减方程,参照现有环境振动国家标准,给出了不同车速下磁悬浮轨道两侧区域的振动达标距离。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定生活污水中的微量砷

采用硝酸-高氯酸微波消解水样,在盐酸介质中以硫脲-抗坏血酸处理样品,以硼氰化钾的氢氧化钠溶液为还原剂,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定生活污水中的痕量砷.方法检出限＜0.02μg/L,精密度0.14%,加标回收率92%～108%,操作简单,结果准确,重现性好.     

库仑滴定法测定一氧化碳

本文就一氧化碳的测定条件和CO氧化过程中氧化剂的选择进行了研究。试验表明:ReAO_4-Ⅱ为氧化CO的活性催化剂,转化率可达100％(在300℃以上),本法简便,可用于空气中一氧化碳的测定和催化剂对CO活性测试。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

对熏烟扩散模式应用的探讨

工程上应用的大气污染物扩散模式中 ,熏烟模式由于其非定常性而与其他扩散模式有很大的区别。正确处理模式中各参数及变量的相互关系才能客观地反映污染物对环境影响的结果。本研究通过对熏烟模式的非定常性和各参数、变量相互关系的分析 ,提出了正确使用该模式的方法     

黄磷尾气中单质磷的测定

研究了测定黄磷尾气中单质磷的分析方法 ,该方法具有灵敏度高 ,线性好 ,操作快速、简便的特点 ,检测限 1μg 5mL ,摩尔吸光系数为 4 5× 10 4L mol·cm ,线性相关系数为 0 9998     

中国东南沿海的地质构造特征

本文主要论述了中国东南大地构造演化特征。晋宁旋回,南北板块碰撞,形成近东西向构造格局、转换块间带及交结盆地。加里东旋回至印支旋回,东南地壳由非成熟性地壳逐渐向稳定性大陆地壳过渡。陆壳的生长是以两个外隆为中心呈环带状向外扩张。燕山旋回,大陆破坏和改造,形成大陆边缘的流纹岩链。显示了地壳生长为多旋回前进演化的特征。     

太原市工业区大气中TSP浓度及元素成分分析

采用校正空白称量法对太原市工业区大气中ＴＳＰ浓度进行了测定分析，对该区大气ＴＳＰ浓度随时间变化的规律，超标情况及污染特征进行了研究，同时测定了ＴＳＰ中Ｃｒ、Ｐｂ等１２种元素的含量。     

中扬子台地北缘灯影组碳酸盐岩成岩作用序列及成岩模式

研究区主要的成岩作用类型有胶结、溶解、硅化、白云石化、压实-压溶和去白云石化作用等，详细研究了每种成岩作用的矿物岩石学特征及对孔隙形成、演化的影响。把研究区成岩环境划分为大气淡水成岩环境、海水成岩环境、混合水成岩环境、埋藏成岩环境和晚期表生成岩环境五大类．总结了每种成岩环境的成岩组构特征、成岩标志、δ18O和δC及微量元素Na+、Sr2+的分布规律。此外，还探讨了深水斜坡相粉-细晶白云岩和台地浅滩相颗粒白云岩的成岩演化序列与孔隙演化，最后概括出了研究区碳酸盐岩的成岩作用模式。