有限空间作业常见错误及纠正措施

总结了有限空间作业过程中常见的错误,并按照HSE管理体系的理念,针对这些错误提出了纠正措施。     

上海新农村建设中生活污水污染现状及处理对策

概述了上海农村生活污水排放现状及对附近河道水环境造成的影响,通过分析当前农村生活污水集中处理和分散处理的利弊和条件、常用的农村生活污水就地处理技术以及归纳总结上海已投入使用就地处理技术,进一步阐述上海农村生活污水就地处理应当因地制宜、综合考虑。最后从农村环境管理和环保法律的层面,以及处理技术角度,提出了应根据建设社会主义新农村的要求和上海郊区农村当地的实际情况,进行上海郊区农村生活污水治理的总体思路。     

冬季条件下曝气生物滤池处理模拟灰水的应用研究

文章采用陶粒滤料为载体,研究了在冬季低温条件下化学混凝-曝气生物滤池工艺对模拟灰水的中试研究。实验结果表明,在冬季水温为3℃-15℃的条件下,初沉处理大大减轻了后续曝气生物滤池的运行负荷的同时也提高了整个工艺的搞冲击能力。当曝气生物滤池水力负荷为3．8m／h时,COD、LAS的去除效率分别在70％、80％以上。NH4-N去除效率受LAS、COD、温度影响较大,整个工况去除效率在15％～75％。NH4-N的去除效率随着COD负荷的增加,其去除效率受到严重的影响。COD的去除负荷率为2．85kg／（m^3滤料·d）升高到5．04kg／（m^3滤料·d）时,NH4-N的去除率则由61％-77％,下降到26％～41％,说明了异养微生物的生长严重抑制了硝化亚硝化细菌的生长。     

对一株海洋发光细菌保存方法的探究

从乌贼体表及内脏中提取一株海洋发光细菌,进行分离、纯化。通过四种不同保存方法对该株发光菌进行保存,测定了发光菌在存活期内的相对发光强度,探讨了最佳保存方法,比较发现:低温甘油法可在短期内替代条件苛刻的冷冻干燥法,可保存至少一年,沙土管保存法发光菌复苏效果差,不适宜保存发光菌,常温石蜡保存在实验室条件下可短期保存半年。     

膜生物反应器内污泥增长规律的研究

研究了不同进水有机物浓度下MBR反应器的污泥增长和活性变化的规律,并确定了本系统三个运行阶段活性污泥增长的动力学系数（Yg和ms）。结果表明,MBR长时间不排泥和低负荷的运行方式会使污泥的活性下降和微生物种群的改变,在低负荷下运行时会出现污泥的负增长。根据经典的微生物能量代谢理论并结合各个运行阶段污泥浓度的变化情况计算得到进水COD300、180和120mg／L下MBR的Yg和ms的值,分别为0．42、0．39、0．24（gVSSgCOD^-1）和0．11、0．06、0．08（gCODgVSS^-1day^-1）。     

2007年全球和中国十大自然灾害事件回顾与启示

本文主要总结和回顾了2007年全球和中国的十大自然灾害,介绍了中国2007年的自然灾害及救灾工作情况,并在此基础上总结了中国自然灾害的特点以及灾害给我们的启示.     

江汉平原中北部一次区域性暴雨的成因分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP再分析客观物理量场、卫星云图、多普勒雷达回波产品资料,对2007年7月13日发生在江汉平原中北部的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,（1）高空低槽东移是影响此次强降水过程的主要大尺度环流背景;（2）低层低涡暖切变和低空急流是暴雨的直接影响系统;（3）有利的热力水汽条件和动力条件是强降水产生和维持的机制;（4）卫星云图上“人”字型、“V”字型云系和多普勒速度资料上的“逆风区”、风切变可作为判断强降水落区落点的依据。     

汉江中游河谷平原植被指数时空变化及其与沙化土地动态的关联关系

针对沙化土地广泛分布的汉江中游河谷平原区,采用MODIS EVI数据分析2003~2011年区域植被状态时空变化,并据此探讨沙化土地的动态特征。利用时序植被指数统计分析,探讨研究区植被的总体变化规律;分析不同缓冲区植被指数的空间分布格局,反映了区域环境状况的空间差异以及由此而可能产生的土地利用格局的变化;并基于不同距离缓冲区的EVI时空差异对比分析,探讨沙化土地动态与植被变化的关联关系。研究表明,近9 a来汉江中游河谷平原区EVI呈明显上升趋势;随着离河流距离的逐渐增加,每千米范围内各年的年均EVI值均表现出先增大后减小的空间特征,并在距河3 km区域处EVI值达到最大;而EVI的时空差异,则体现了沙化土地的空间分布与动态特征     

The ecological implications of land use change in the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, China

The alpine ecosystems in permafrost regions are extremely sensitive to climate change. The headwater regions of Yangtze River and Yellow River of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are on the permafrost area. Aerial photos of the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River taken in 1968 and three phases of TM images acquired from 1986, 2000, and 2008 were used to analyze the spatial alterations of the land cover and corresponding effects on the environment guided by landscape ecology theory. Firstly, land cover types were divided into three classes and 11 subclasses. Analysis results revealed the trends and magnitude of the eco-environmental changes in the regions over the past four decades and showed a continuous degradation of grasslands and the extension of desertification and salinization. Secondly, five landscape pattern indices (i.e., NP, MPS, PR, SHEI, CONTAG) commonly used in landscape ecological studies were calculated, and results showed that this region had become more centralized and diversified. Finally, the factors causing the degradation of alpine grasslands were analyzed. The regional climate exhibited a tendency toward significant warming and desiccation with the air temperature increased by 0.03 °C per year and relative stable precipitation over the last 40 years. And the temperature of permafrost in 0–20 cm soil layer obviously raised by 0.2–0.3 °C in the last 40 years. The combined effects of climate warming and permafrost variation were the major drivers for the changes of landscape in alpine ecosystems.     

Assessment of the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, East China

As wildlife habitat is in constant evolution, periodic monitoring is essential to assess its quality. In this study, the change to the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve was detected from multi-temporal remote sensing data from 1992 to 2008 in a geographic information system. Habitat fragmentation was derived from both physical constraints and human disturbance. The changing habitat quality was assessed against five landscape indices. The results obtained from Landsat TM images indicate that potential habitat shrank 37.9 % during 1992–2001, but recovered 99.4 % by 2008. Suitable habitat shrank by 4,329 ha to a level below that of 1992 despite an increase of 4,747 ha in potential habitat due to an increase of 9,075 ha in fragmented areas. Both landscape indices and the red-crowned crane population reveal that suitable habitat was the most fragmented in 2001, but the least fragmented in 1992. Therefore, it is inadequate to just restore wetland through artificial diversion of channel flow to the Reserve to preserve the crane habitat. Commensurate efforts should also be directed at improving habitat quality by minimizing human activities and spatially juxtaposing water and reed marshes harmoniously inside the Reserve.