金属铁离子对农田土壤氮转化影响分析

以长春伊通河河谷阶地上部的农田土为研究对象,选用铁离子作为氮转化的一种影响因素,定性研究了不同浓度的铁离子对硝态氮、亚硝态氮、铵态氮三氮的变化影响。并且在建立方程组之后计算平衡常数,证明了铁的氧化作用,与实验所得相符合：铁促进铵态氮的吸附、促进硝化反应的进行。从实验和理论的角度说明了铁在三氮转化中起的作用,为进一步研究锰铁离子对氮转化的定量影响和氮素污染地下水的预测和定量评价提供科学依据。     

PAN—ACF吸附洗车废水的实验研究

实验以洗车废水为研究对象,研究了聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维（PAN—ACF）去除水中LAS的效果,考察了PAN—ACF的用量、时间、温度以及pH对吸附效果的影响。模拟废水和实际洗车废水的实验研究表明：当废水中LAS浓度为10mg／L时,在处理最佳时间为5min、最佳用量为0．5g/L、常温弱酸性的条件下,LAS的去除率能达到92％以上。此外PAN—ACF对废水中的CODcr及NH3-N也能有效地去除,用NaOH溶液再生后对LAS吸附性更好。     

膜生物反应器内污泥增长规律的研究

研究了不同进水有机物浓度下MBR反应器的污泥增长和活性变化的规律,并确定了本系统三个运行阶段活性污泥增长的动力学系数（Yg和ms）。结果表明,MBR长时间不排泥和低负荷的运行方式会使污泥的活性下降和微生物种群的改变,在低负荷下运行时会出现污泥的负增长。根据经典的微生物能量代谢理论并结合各个运行阶段污泥浓度的变化情况计算得到进水COD300、180和120mg／L下MBR的Yg和ms的值,分别为0．42、0．39、0．24（gVSSgCOD^-1）和0．11、0．06、0．08（gCODgVSS^-1day^-1）。     

凡口铅锌矿床地球化学特征及成矿作用分析

凡口铅锌矿床是发育于碳酸盐岩建造中的海底热泉喷溢沉积矿床,以“一大二富三集中”的特点和典型的地质地球化学特征吸引着中外矿床地质工作者。常量元素和矿化元素的分布、矿物包裹体特征、稀土元素组成和硫同位素组成反映出该矿床与外生作用有关。铅同位素组成具有壳源和下地壳来源铅的特征,矿物包裹体水氢、氧同位素组成表明,成矿溶液可能与深层建造水有关,后期与大气降水有关。矿区主要矿层经历海底热泉喷溢沉积-成岩的演化。     

生物活性碳反应器强化生活污水同步硝化反硝化:C/N影响研究

在生物活性碳(BAC)反应器中探究了C/N对实际生活污水同步硝化反硝化的影响。结果表明C/N对化学需氧量(COD)的去除影响不明显,然而对NH+4-N和总氮(TN)的去除影响较显著。随C/N由3.2升高至7.2,NH+4-N的去除效率由81%升高至91%,TN的去除效率也由35%升高至68%。然而继续升高C/N至9.1,NH+4-N和TN的去除效率却分别下降至87%和51%。生物活性碳反应器处置实际污水的最佳C/N为7.2。较传统SBR活性污泥反应器,BAC反应器能够依赖活性碳实现溶解氧区域化,从而有助于反硝化过程。     

封闭景观水体的表观污染机制研究

良好的表观性状是城市水体发挥景观功能的基本条件,现今封闭景观水体的表观受污染严重。以景观园林师陶园内的封闭水体为研究对象,进行为期半年的现场观察和水质监测,运用吸收光谱法研究了水体表观污染的历程,并进行了表观污染指数(SPI)及环境因子间的相关性分析以了解表观污染机制。研究发现,封闭水体的表观污染程度随季节变化明显,SPI与温度(T)、浊度、腐殖酸(UV254)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)均显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.786、0.951、0.595、0.849、-0.699。结果表明,植物残体的腐烂分解以及浮萍和藻类的竞争性生长会导致水体颜色和浊度异常,甚至出现发黑发臭的严重表观污染现象。     

pH对沟渠沉积物截留农田排水沟渠中氮、磷的影响研究

通过摇瓶动态实验和箱体静止实验,研究了不同pH条件下沟渠沉积物对农田流失氮、磷的截留效应,分析了pH对氮、磷截留效应及其界面交换作用的影响.结果表明:在实验pH变化范围内,沟渠沉积物对NH 4-N的吸附量和NO-2-N的硝化量以及对TN的截留率都是随着pH的增加而增加;沟渠沉积物对总溶解性磷(TDP)的吸附量随着pH的增加而增加,TP的截留率在5 d前随pH的增加而增加,但在此后基本不发生变化;在不同的pH下,通过影响微生物的活动直接或间接影响氮的界面交换行为,同时pH通过影响沉积物的吸附作用和离子交换作用来影响磷在沉积物-水界面的交换行为.阐明pH对沟渠沉积物氮、磷截留效应的影响有助于掌握氮、磷在农田排水沟渠中的迁移转化机理,从而对控制农业面源污染具有重要的意义.     

Epigenetic effect of long-term bisphenol A exposure on human breast adenocarcinoma cells

In this research, epigenetic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were analyzed. Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression were analyzed in MCF-7 cells exposed to BPA (10^?5 and 10^?6 mol/L for 5 weeks). No significant changes in the global level of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine were observed. DNA methylation profiling analysis indicated that BPA exposure resulted in the hypermethylation of FOXK2, LKB1, LMX1A and CUGBP2 and the hypomethylation of PTPRN2, TRIM27, BCAS3 and ZNF423. Decreased expression of apoptosis genes (P38 and BCL2L1) and increased expression of chemokine (Cxcl2 and ccl20) were detected. Changes of these genes were speculated to affect the ERα-related cell growth as well as cell apoptosis.     

Rubber and pulp plantations represent a double threat to Hainan's natural tropical forests

Hainan, the largest tropical island in China, belongs to the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and harbors large areas of tropical forests, particularly in the uplands. The Changhua watershed is the cradle of Hainan's main river and a center of endemism for plants and birds. The watershed contains great habitat diversity and is an important conservation area. We analyzed the impact of rubber and pulp plantations on the distribution and area of tropical forest in the watershed, using remote sensing analysis of Landsat images from 1988, 1995 and 2005. From 1988 to 1995, natural forest increased in area (979-1040?sq?km) but decreased rapidly (763?sq?km) over the next decade. Rubber plantations increased steadily through the study period while pulp plantations appeared after 1995 but occupied 152?sq?km by 2005. Rubber and pulp plantations displace different types of natural forest and do not replace one another. Because pulp is not as profitable as rubber and existing pulp processing capacity greatly exceeds local supply, considerable pressure exists on remaining upland forests. We recommend for future management that these plantation forests be reclassified as 'industrial', making a clear policy distinction between natural and industrial forestry. Additionally, the local government should work to enforce existing laws preventing forest conversion on marginal and protected areas.     

Comparative research on NIMBY risk acceptability between Chinese and Japanese college students

Along with the progressive acceleration of urbanization, the need to identify potentially troublesome “Not In My Back Yard” (NIMBY) facilities in the city is inevitable. To resolve NIMBY conflict, it is important to know people’s NIMBY risk acceptability for these facilities. A questionnaire survey was used among Chinese and Japanese college students to identify NIMBY risk acceptability. LISREL was used to construct a structural equation model to analyze the difference in NIMBY risk acceptability between the Chinese and Japanese college students. Factors that may affect NIMBY risk acceptability were analyzed: “perceiving utility,” “perceiving risk,” “trust in government,” “reasonable compensation,” and “procedural justice.” The findings show that Japanese students’ concerns were greater than Chinese students’ concerns. Perceiving utility and perceiving risk were the most important factors that affect people’s NIMBY risk acceptability, followed by procedural justice, trust in government, and reasonable compensation. There is a difference between the different cultural backgrounds in confronting the risk: Chinese students focus more on the reputation and value of real estate, while Japanese students pay more attention to environmental pollution and damage to health. Furthermore, cultural influences play a role in students’ risk perception. To improve the risk acceptability for NIMBY facilities and provide a basis for resolving NIMBY conflicts, it is necessary to ensure the benefits of the NIMBY facility while reducing environmental pollution. The findings of this study may be of interest for policy makers and practitioners to devise future NIMBY strategies.