Adsorptive conversion of nitrogen dioxide from etching vent gases over activated carbon

Some metal etching operations emit limited flow rates of waste gases with reddish-brown NO₂ fume, which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. In this study, tests were performed by passing caustic-treated waste gases vented from Al-etching operations through columns packed either with virgin or regenerated granular activated carbon (GAC) to test their adsorptive conversion performance of NO₂ in the gases. The gases contained 5–55 ppm NO₂ and acetic and nitric acids of below 3 ppm. Exhausted carbon was regenerated by scrubbing it with caustic solution and water, and dried for further adsorption tests. Results indicate that with an (empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 0.15 sec for the gas through the GAC-packed space, around 60% of the influent NO₂ of 54 ppm could be removed, and 47% of the removed NO₂ was converted by and desorbed from the carbon as NO. GAC used in the present study could be regenerated at least twice to restore its capacity for NO₂ adsorption. Within EBRTs of 0.076–0.18 sec, the adsorptive conversion capacity was linearly varied with EBRT. In practice, with an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO₂ (kg GAC)^?1 with an influent NO₂ of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design.

Implications: Some metal etching operations emit waste gases with reddish-brown (yellow when diluted) NO₂ fume which may cause visual and acidic-odor complaints, as well as negative health effects. This study provides a simple process for the adsorptive conversion of NO₂ in caustic-treated waste gases vented from metal-etching operations through a GAC column. With an EBRT of 0.20 sec, a conversion capacity of 0.80 kg NO₂ (kg GAC)^?1 with an influent NO₂ of 40 ppm can be used as a basis for system design. Saturated GAC can be regenerated at least twice by simply scrubbing it with aqueous caustic solution.     

氯自由基介导的BDD电极选择性氧化脱氮

为实现氨氮的高效选择性转化,设计了一个氯自由基介导的电化学体系。该电化学体系以稳定性好、氧化能力强的掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极为阳极,以Pd-Cu修饰的泡沫镍材料(Pd-Cu/NF)为阴极,以氯化钠为电解质,对BDD电极选择性电催化氧化性能与机理进行了研究。结果表明：在4.0 V电压下,体系中的Cl⁻原位可转化成氯自由基(Cl·),Cl·可选择性地将氨氮转化为N₂和少量$ {\rm{NO}}_3^ - $,副产物$ {\rm{NO}}_3^ - $在Pd-Cu/NF阴极被高效还原为N₂;分别探究了阴极材料、电场强度、电极间距、溶液pH和电解质种类对氨氮转化性能的影响。通过电子顺磁共振和自由基捕获实验,证实了Cl·在氨氮转化过程中发挥了重要作用。在最优条件下,可实现40 min内100%的氨氮转化率和25 mg·L⁻¹的N₂生成量,以上研究结果可为解决水体中氨氮的污染问题提供参考。     

钴铜铁三元类水滑石材料催化过硫酸氢钾复合盐降解苯酚

采用共沉淀法制备过渡金属钴、铜、铁组成的钴铜铁三元类水滑石材料(CoCuFe-LDH),用于催化过硫酸氢钾复合盐(PMS)降解水中苯酚,并考察了初始pH、CoCuFe-LDH催化剂投加量、PMS用量对苯酚降解效率的影响。实验结果表明:CoCuFeLDH对PMS的催化活性较高;在pH为中性,催化剂为0.20g/L,PMS为2.5mmol/L,苯酚为50mg/L的条件下处理60min,苯酚的去除率可达96%;当催化剂投加量分别为0.05、0.10、0.15g/L,反应40min时,苯酚的去除率分别为76%、82%和91%。自由基猝灭实验表明,CoCuFe-LDH/PMS催化体系中存在硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,但硫酸根自由基为主要活性自由基。     

湖北省地质公园建设现状及对策

分析了湖北省国家地质公园和省级地质公园的地质遗迹资源概况和建设现状, 指出了目前地质公园建设中存在的主要问题, 并提出了今后的发展思路与建议.     

多相催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水的研究

在高压反应釜内，采用自制颗粒贵金属催化剂催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度饲料抗氧化剂合成废水，探讨了温度、压力、进水pH等反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。在温度为220℃、总压为8MPa条件下，COD，TOC，TN和色度的去除率分别达到77．0％，66．1％，70．2％，91％；处理后的废水pH很低，催化剂显示出较好的耐酸性；随进水pH的增加，COD的去除率逐渐降低，出水pH增加。     

新型聚硅氯化铁铝絮凝剂的制备及性能

以二甲基二氯硅烷为硅源,与氯化铁、氯化铝聚合制得新型的聚硅氯化铁铝（PSFAC）絮凝剂,考察了制备条件及PSFAC对含油废水和药厂废水的絮凝效果。制备PSFAC的最佳条件：nFc：nAl为0．4,nSi：n（Al＋Fe）为0．1,碱化度为2．0,C（Al,Fe）、为0．1mol／L,熟化时间为1-2d。当PSFAC加入量为10mg／L时,对含油废水、药厂废水的浊度去除率分别为84％和86％。PSFAC具有加入量少、沉降速度快、适用的pH范围较宽等优点。     

长江流域水环境的主要问题,原因及对策探讨

从几个触目惊心的实例出发，分析出长江流域水环境存在的主要问题是水污染、泥沙淤积、对洪涝的环境容量不高和未能充分发挥水环境的多功能特别是生态功能的作用。其原因主要是工业、农业、城市和流动源排污，土壤侵蚀和人类活动不遵守持续发展原则，管理不善。作者在本文末尾提出了对策。     

地貌对矿区环境,灾害的影响与对策

论述了地貌对矿区环境、灾害的产生及发展的影响，并以中国几个矿区的实例论述这一问题，同时，提出一些减缓影响的对策．