长江经济带城市生态环境问题与对策研究 ——以南京市为例

党中央、国务院高度重视长江经济带的可持续发展,提出将生态环境保护居于"压倒性的战略地位",凸显了当前长江经济带在生态环境保护方面所面临的巨大挑战.以南京市为研究对象,分析了长江经济带城市在生态环境方面存在的主要问题,从绿色发展、工业污染防治、船舶污染治理、流域污染治理、制度体系等方面,提出了近期推进长江经济带生态环境保护的若干对策建议,供政府职能部门参考.     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

甲苯在渗流区的生物通风去除模拟

建立了数学模型来描述生物通风过程中渗流区土壤中甲苯的运移和生物降解过程,模型考虑了对流通量、扩散通量、相间传质和生物降解项,模型中的生物降解参数由独立间歇实验用Levenberg Marquardt方法确定.在实验室中用土柱实验来模拟生物通风过程,结果显示,实验数据与模型比较吻合,经过50h后,约有98%的甲苯已被去除.利用土柱尾气中甲苯实验数据和质量衡算式计算可得:挥发去除的甲苯占初始加入甲苯的53 78%,生物降解去除的甲苯为42 92%,土壤中残余甲苯浓度为2 56mg·kg-1.     

卡拉胶与明胶包埋黄孢原毛平革菌的方法研究

用卡拉胶和明胶包埋固定黄孢原毛平革菌,建立以模式染料为标记的降解反应体系,以研究各种条件和因素对包埋效果的影响。试验表明,在卡拉胶包埋体系中,胶的产品来源、胶的浓度、溶液中的离子、菌量和交联时间等,都会影响包埋颗粒的强度、传质性能、稳定性及降解效率。在明胶包埋体系中,开孔明胶包埋小块的制备方法值得推荐。     

广西西南部地质灾害气象因素风险评估

我国对气象条件引发的地质灾害一直没有一个统一的标准。研究目的是制定广西西南部地质类型的地质灾害气象因素风险评估模型,从而能在灾情来临前发布准确的地质灾害预警,避免空报及漏报,提高预报准确率。该风险评估模型以出现地质灾害的风险性分为3类,分别确立了3类不同的气象因素风险评估指标。用该评估模型对崇左市2001到2006年共28个地质灾害个例进行评估,如果达到地质灾害风险评估的3类,即达到了预警级,而实况也出现了地质灾害,评定为正确,那么这28个地质灾害个例回报正确的有25个,拟合率达到了89%。评估结果显示该风险评估模型对2007年的地质灾害预报正确。     

Mn-Ce改性活性焦催化剂低温SCR性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备Mn-Ce/活性焦催化剂,用于烟气的脱硝。研究发现,Mn-Ce负载量为8%的活性焦催化剂具有较好的脱硝性能,在120℃下脱硝效率达87%。通过BET、FTIR及XPS表征发现,活性焦在负载8%Mn-Ce后比表面积、孔容、孔径都有所提高,而且催化剂表面化学性质发生了改变,催化剂的活化中心由官能团转向金属氧化物。     

文丘里串联结构气泡发生器气液混合和发泡特性试验

高效紧凑型微细气泡发生技术和粒径调控技术是微细气泡技术大规模工业应用的前提和基础。通过CFD数值模拟手段和试验测试手段测试两级文丘里串联结构气泡发生器内气液两相混合发泡特性,并利用响应曲面法对关键结构参数进行了优化设计和交互影响分析。结果表明：对两级文丘里串联结构气泡发生器成泡粒径影响最大的参数主要是二级喉管管径,其次为一级喉管管径和二级扩张角,一级扩张角的影响最小。相同工况条件下,单级文丘里管气泡发生器所生成的气泡群中位粒径为543.64 μm,粒径小于100 μm的微细气泡数量占比为8.6%;两级文丘里管串联气泡发生器所生成的气泡中位粒径为515.99 μm,微细气泡数量占比提升至12.1%。因此,可以通过控制水流流量和改变文丘里串联数量实现气泡粒径从毫米级别到微米级别的调控。

     

PCR-DGGE技术解析A~2/O工艺好氧单元中微生物群落结构

应用PCR-DGGE方法,追踪了汉沽工业废水处理中好氧工艺的活性污泥系统中微生物群落结构动态变化过程及其微生物群落结构组成。研究结果表明：系统中的微生物群落结构随水质变化而变化,随着培养时间的延长,微生物群落结构趋于稳定,分别属于5大类群,与γ、δ、α、ε变形杆菌（Proteobacterias）、芽孢杆菌（Bacilli）的亲缘关系较近。其中γ变形杆菌是该废水处理过程中的主要菌群,包括Pseudomonas sp.、Rheinheimera sp.、Citrobacter sp.、Klebsiella sp.、Enterbacte-riaceae、Stenotrophomonas maltophilia、Acinetobacter。在整个系统中uncultured Pseudomonas sp.、Halobacillus sp.、Pseudomonassp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.可稳定存在于系统中,为该污水处理系统中的优势微生物。因此,提高Halobacillussp.、Pseudomonas sp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.菌属在系统中的数量和质量,有利于提高废水生化处理的效果。     

Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well...     

Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource innovation via the osmotic membrane process

• A dual “waste-to-resource” application of FO was proposed. • Performance of sea salt bittern as an economic FO draw solution was evaluated. • High quality struvite recovery from black water using FO was demonstrated. • Feed pH is a key factor to control the form of recovered phosphorous. A dual “waste-to-resource” innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern (SSB)-driven forward osmosis (FO) process is proposed and demonstrated. The performance of SSB as a “waste-to-resource” draw solution for FO was first evaluated. A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of 25.67±3.36 L/m²⋅h, which was 1.5‒1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M MgCl₂. Slightly compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was observed. In compensation, the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg²⁺ suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite precipitation. The nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic tank. Over 80% of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low- and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%‒90%. With an elevated feed pH (~9), approximately 60%‒85% enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated stuvite. Whereas the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) largely differed depending on the strength of black water. Improved concentration factor (i.e., 3-folds) and retention (>60%) of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%, in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black water. The results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual “waste-to-resource” FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.