广西西南部地质灾害气象因素风险评估

我国对气象条件引发的地质灾害一直没有一个统一的标准。研究目的是制定广西西南部地质类型的地质灾害气象因素风险评估模型,从而能在灾情来临前发布准确的地质灾害预警,避免空报及漏报,提高预报准确率。该风险评估模型以出现地质灾害的风险性分为3类,分别确立了3类不同的气象因素风险评估指标。用该评估模型对崇左市2001到2006年共28个地质灾害个例进行评估,如果达到地质灾害风险评估的3类,即达到了预警级,而实况也出现了地质灾害,评定为正确,那么这28个地质灾害个例回报正确的有25个,拟合率达到了89%。评估结果显示该风险评估模型对2007年的地质灾害预报正确。     

卡拉胶与明胶包埋黄孢原毛平革菌的方法研究

用卡拉胶和明胶包埋固定黄孢原毛平革菌,建立以模式染料为标记的降解反应体系,以研究各种条件和因素对包埋效果的影响。试验表明,在卡拉胶包埋体系中,胶的产品来源、胶的浓度、溶液中的离子、菌量和交联时间等,都会影响包埋颗粒的强度、传质性能、稳定性及降解效率。在明胶包埋体系中,开孔明胶包埋小块的制备方法值得推荐。     

Mn-Ce改性活性焦催化剂低温SCR性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备Mn-Ce/活性焦催化剂,用于烟气的脱硝。研究发现,Mn-Ce负载量为8%的活性焦催化剂具有较好的脱硝性能,在120℃下脱硝效率达87%。通过BET、FTIR及XPS表征发现,活性焦在负载8%Mn-Ce后比表面积、孔容、孔径都有所提高,而且催化剂表面化学性质发生了改变,催化剂的活化中心由官能团转向金属氧化物。     

文丘里串联结构气泡发生器气液混合和发泡特性试验

高效紧凑型微细气泡发生技术和粒径调控技术是微细气泡技术大规模工业应用的前提和基础。通过CFD数值模拟手段和试验测试手段测试两级文丘里串联结构气泡发生器内气液两相混合发泡特性,并利用响应曲面法对关键结构参数进行了优化设计和交互影响分析。结果表明：对两级文丘里串联结构气泡发生器成泡粒径影响最大的参数主要是二级喉管管径,其次为一级喉管管径和二级扩张角,一级扩张角的影响最小。相同工况条件下,单级文丘里管气泡发生器所生成的气泡群中位粒径为543.64 μm,粒径小于100 μm的微细气泡数量占比为8.6%;两级文丘里管串联气泡发生器所生成的气泡中位粒径为515.99 μm,微细气泡数量占比提升至12.1%。因此,可以通过控制水流流量和改变文丘里串联数量实现气泡粒径从毫米级别到微米级别的调控。

     

TCC＆TCS对废水处理中生物相的急性毒性试验

研究了TCC(3,4,4′-Trichlorocarbanilde)、TCS(2,2,4′-Trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl)对废水生物处理中的原生动物的急性毒性作用。结果表明:TCC对原生动物的48h半数致死浓度LC_(50)为25000μg/L,TCS48hLC_(50)为23000μg/L,TCC＆ TCS浓度与原生动物的半数致死时间LT_(50)呈明显的负相关;TCC ＆ TCS对原生动物的最大无作用浓度分别为15mg/L和11mg/L,这提示污染源排放的废水到达曝气池时TCC ＆ TCS的含量应低于15mg/L和11mg/L。     

Synthesis of nanoiron by microemulsion with Span/Tween as mixed surfactants for reduction of nitrate in water

Denitrification of nitrate in groundwater using iron nanoparticles has received increasing interest in recent years. In order to fabricate iron nanoparticles with homogeneously spherical shape and narrow size distribution, a simple and “green” method was developed to synthesize iron nanoparticles. The conventional microemulsion methods were modified by applying Span 80 and Tween 60 as mixed surfactants. The maximum content of water in the Water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion and its appropriate forming conditions were found, and then the microemulsion system consisting of saturated Fe²⁺ solution was used to synthesize α-Fe ultrafine particles by redox reaction. The nanoparticles were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the average diameter of the particle is about 80–90 nm. The chemical activity of the obtained iron nanoparticles was studied by the denitrification experiment of nitrate. The results show that under the experimental conditions, iron removed most of the 80 mg/L nitrate within 30 min. The mass balance of nitrate reduction with nanoscale Fe indicates that endproducts are mainly ammonia. Two possible reaction pathways for nitrate reduction by nanoscale iron particles have been proposed in this work.     

钒镉复合污染对水稻吸收积累镉、钒和磷的影响

采用溶液培养法研究钒与镉复合污染对水稻生长及其吸收积累镉的影响,以便弄清在钒与镉复合污染条件下水稻的生长情况.试验结果表明,钒镉复合污染可影响水稻的生长发育.在培养液镉浓度(1 0mg·L-1)不变的情况下,随着溶液中钒浓度的增加,水稻根长、根系和茎叶的干重不断减少.当溶液中钒浓度达到1 6mg·L-1和3 2mg·L-1时,水稻茎叶和根系干重减少分别达到显著水平(p<0 05).钒镉复合污染也影响水稻植株对磷、钒和镉的吸收与积累.当培养液中镉浓度不变时,随着溶液中钒浓度的增加,水稻根系和茎叶中的磷浓度不断降低,而钒含量却不断提高,根系比茎叶积累更多的钒.此外,钒可抑制水稻植株对镉的吸收与积累.     

Yield formation of CO2-enriched inter-subspecific hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu under fully open-air field condition in a warm sub-tropical climate

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars play an important role in rice production due to its heterosis, resistance to environmental stress and high yield potential. However, no attention has been given to its yield responses to rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]). To address this need, we conducted a Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) experiment at Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, in 2004–2006. A two-line inter-subspecific hybrid rice variety Liangyoupeijiu, recently bred in China, was grown at ambient or elevated (c. 570 μmol mol^?1) [CO₂] under two levels of nitrogen (N) application (12.5 and 25 g N m^?2). Elevated [CO₂] slightly accelerated phenological development (1–2 days), and substantially enhanced grain yield (+30%). The magnitude of yield response to [CO₂] was independent of N fertilization, but greatly varied among years. On average, elevated [CO₂] increased panicle number per unit land area by 8%, due to an increase in maximum tiller number under FACE, while productive tiller ratio remained unaffected. Spikelet number per panicle showed an average increase of 10% due to elevated [CO₂], which was also supported by increased plant height and dry weight per stem. Meanwhile, Elevated [CO₂] caused a significant enhancement in both filled spikelet percentage (+5%) and individual grain mass (+4%). Compared with previous rice FACE studies, this hybrid cultivar appears to profit much more from elevated [CO₂] than inbred japonica cultivars (c. +13%), not only due to its stronger sink generation, but also enhanced capacity to utilize the carbon sources in a high [CO₂] environment. As sufficient intraspecific variation in yield response exists under field conditions, there is a pressing need to identify genotypes which would produce maximum grain yield under projected future [CO₂] levels.     

同位素示踪法检测废水中TCC／TCS生物毒性的研究

用同位素示踪法测定微生物的葡萄糖摄入量,可能检测废水中有毒物质的生物毒性。实验结果显示：ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ对废水处理系统中厌氧菌的葡萄糖摄入有抑制作用,其抑制率与接触剂量的对数呈线性关系,但与接触时间却没有明显的线性关系。由此可见,ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ对微生物葡萄糖摄入的影响是复杂的。当生物处理系统中的微生物未接触ＴＣＣ／ＴＣＳ时,１０％有作用浓度（ＥＣ１０）和５０％有作用浓度（ＥＣ５０）分别为１．７１ｍｇ     

赤泥对污染土壤Pb、Zn化学形态和生物可给性的影响

通过土壤培养实验,研究添加赤泥对污染土壤中Pb、Zn化学形态和生物可给性的影响。结果表明,不同赤泥用量处理均可显著降低土壤中HOAc提取态Pb、Zn含量。当赤泥用量为5%时,培养1、2和3个月后,HOAc提取态Pb含量分别比对照下降62.5%、65.3%和73.5%;HOAc提取态Zn含量分别比对照下降56.7%、65.8%和67.4%。培养3个月后,只有1%赤泥用量处理显著降低了土壤中生物可给性Pb含量,而不同用量赤泥处理均显著降低了土壤中生物可给性Zn含量。研究表明赤泥是一种钝化污染土壤中Pb、Zn的潜力添加剂。