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991.
Va Dany Ros Taplin Bhishna Bajracharya Michael Regan Louis Lebel 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(4):1167-1188
Incorporating climate change concerns into national development planning allows adaptation to happen in harmony with the sustainable development of a country. Cambodia has received international support to enable climate change-resilient development; “mainstreaming climate change” is one of the key recent strategies. This article aims to identify entry points for integrating climate change concerns into national development planning, especially for the water resources and agriculture sectors. The study uses institutional ethnography research methods with informants drawn from government organisations, local academic institutions, and development partners, together with content analysis of key policy documents. It was found that the Cambodian national planning process restricts the involvement of other actors such as researchers, civil society, and private sector; yet flexible, in that it provides opportunities for the inclusion of climate change and other related concerns. The study identified specific entry points in key policy documents, such as the National Strategic Development Plans, and ministries’ plans. Other entry points were identified in the development planning process, for example, in the process of development departments and ministries’ plans, and actors such as department planners, and departments of planning of line ministries. Climate-informed planning is now plausible; more significant integration of concerns with future climate change, however, will require more commitment and stronger connections among national planning stakeholders, adaptation actors, and research communities. 相似文献
992.
The Role of Abatement Costs in GHG Permit Allocations: A Global Stabilization Scenario Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kathleen Vaillancourt Richard Loulou Amit Kanudia 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(2):169-179
Our objective is to propose permit allocation schemes that lead to a fair distribution of the net abatement cost among regions
in a global greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization scenario. We use a detailed technology-based energy model, World-MARKAL, to
determine efficient abatement decisions, and to calculate the regional gross abatement costs (before permit allocation and
trading). The net abatement costs are then calculated and used for different permit allocation schemes. 相似文献
993.
Monavari SM Omrani GA Karbassi A Raof FF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):1841-1846
Environment problems associated with the generation of waste are part of societal changes where households play an important
role. These societal changes influence the size, structure and characteristic of given households. For the effective planning
of solid-waste handling infrastructure, it is essential to know the quantity of waste generation and its composition. This
paper presents the findings of a study carried out in an urban municipal area in Iran to determine the household solid-waste
generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys and to determine the related socioeconomic parameters. The dependent
variables were waste generation and composition, and independent variables were family size, family employment, age, number
of room and education. Over 400 sample households were selected for the study using a stratified random sampling methodology
and from five different socioeconomic groups. Waste collected from all groups of households were segregated and weighted.
Waste generation rate was 5.4 kg/household/day. Household solid waste comprised of ten categories of wastes and with the largest
component (76.9%). The generation and composition of household solid waste were correlated with family size, education level
and households income. This paper adequately suggests new insights concerning the role of socioeconomic parameters in affecting
the generation of household waste. 相似文献
994.
We test the hypothesis that echolocation behavior can be used to find the border between bat habitats. Assuming that bats
react to background targets in “edge space” but not in “open space”, we determined the border between these two habitat types
for commuting individuals of the parti-colored bat Vespertilio murinus. We recorded sequences of bats’ echolocation signals while they flew parallel to the walls of large buildings and to the
ground and determined the signals’ average bandwidth, duration, and pulse interval. These parameters varied systematically
with the estimated horizontal and vertical distances between the bats and the background. A distinct effect of horizontal
distance to the background on echolocation behavior was found for horizontal distances of less than 6 m, thus indicating the
border between edge and open space. Only a few bats flew at vertical distances below 5 m. However, enough passages at vertical
distances of 5 m and above indicated that the vertical border is somewhere below a distance of 5 m. Within edge space, V. murinus reacted to the background by reducing signal duration, increasing bandwidth at closer distances, and often emitting one signal
per wing beat. In open space, signal parameters did not vary as a function of distance to the background. There, V. murinus emitted the longest signals with the narrowest bandwidth and often made one or two wing beats without emitting a pulse. With
our data we support with statistical methods the hypothesis that echolocation behavior reveals the border between the habitat
types “edge” and “open space”. 相似文献
995.
Summary. We report field and laboratory evidence indicating that the defensive compounds secreted by the millipedes Amplinus bitumidus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) and Anadenobolus putealis (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) attract the carrion scarab Canthon morsei (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). In a Mexican tropical rain forest, C. morsei was mostly caught in pitfall traps baited with the carcasses of both millipede species. Only a few beetles were attracted
to fish carrion. Experimental evidence indicates that C. morsei is attracted to freshly dead millipedes. Benzaldehyde and HCN were identified from Amplinus bitumidus; but 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (toluquinone) and 2-methoxy- 3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone from Anadenobolus putealis. Benzaldehyde attracted significantly more C. morsei individuals than fish meat, or millipedes of both species did after rinsing in hexane. This is the first report of Polydesmida
attracting dung beetles. 相似文献
996.
Vinod Kumar Yata Bhupesh Chandra Tiwari Irfan Ahmad 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(1):79-84
High population rise and climate changes are increasing issues of agricultural production and food safety. Nanotechnology is finding revolutionary applications to improve agricultural and food systems, notably for better crop production and food preservation. Here we review research, industrial and patent trends of nanoscience in food and agriculture. In a literature survey, we found 44.6% publications in the nano-food research area during the years 2013–2015 and 59.09% publications in the nano-agriculture research area during 2012–2015. USA is leading in the development of nanotechnology firms with a maximum share of 75.5% of the total firms, followed by Germany and France with 8.10 and 4.74%, respectively. USA is leading in the nano-food research with 22 granted patents, whereas China is placed first in nano-agriculture research with 28 granted patents during assessment years 2011–2015. Nano-food research focused mainly on nano-food packaging with 76.84% contributions, whereas in nano-agriculture research, focus has been on nano-fertilizers with 90% contributions. Germany, France, Korea, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovenia and Slovak republic have more than 20% of dedicated nanotechnology firms. A growth of about 45% in nano-food patents has been observed for USA during 2011–2015, and China is leading in the nano-agriculture patents with an increase of 60.7% during 2012–2015. 相似文献
997.
Ignacio J. Moncho-Esteve Frederik Folke Manuel García-Villalba Guillermo Palau-Salvador 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2017,17(4):695-714
This paper presents large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a meandering open channel with smooth wall and rectangular cross-section. The Reynolds number based on the channel height is 40,000 and the aspect ratio of the cross-section is 4.48. The depth-averaged mean stream-wise velocity agree well to experimental measurements. In this specific case, two interacting cells are formed that swap from one bend to the other. Transport and mixing of a pollutant is analysed using three different positions of release, e.g. on the inner bank, on the outer bank and on the centre of the cross section. The obtained depth-average mean concentration profiles are reasonably consistent with available experimental data. The role of the secondary motions in the mixing processes is the main focus of the discussion. It is found that the mixing when the scalar is released on the centre of the cross-section is stronger and faster than the mixing of the scalar released on the sides. When the position of release is close to a bank side, the mixing is weaker and a clear concentration of scalar close to the corresponding side-wall can be observed in both cases. 相似文献
998.
We present a new system for microscopic multicolour variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of aquatic phototrophs. The
system is compact and portable and enables microscopic imaging of photosynthetic performance of individual cells and chloroplasts
using different combinations of blue, green, red or white light. Automated sequential exposure of microscopic samples to the
three excitation colours enables subsequent deconvolution of the resulting fluorescence signals and colour marking of cells
with different photopigmentation, i.e., cyanobacteria, green algae, red algae and diatoms. The photosynthetic activity in
complex mixtures of phototrophs and natural samples can thus be assigned to different types of phototrophs, which can be quantified
simultaneously. Here, we describe the composition and performance of the new imaging system and present applications with
both natural phytoplankton and microalgal culture samples. 相似文献
999.
Distribution and availability of potentially toxic metals in soil in central area of Belgrade,Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rabia Ahmed Ghariani Ivan Gržetić Mališa Antić Snežana Nikolić Mandić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):261-269
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
1000.
Ottesen RT Alexander J Langedal M Haugland T Høygaard E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(6):623-637
Systematic geochemical mapping based on sampling and analysis of surface soils (0–2 cm) has been carried out in several Norwegian
cities. The soils in the oldest parts of the cities are contaminated with metals (especially Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH). Due to the fact that children are often in contact with surface soil, it was realized that special focus had to be
directed towards soils in day-care centers and playgrounds. The first mapping and remedy program was initiated in Trondheim
in 1996. Here, the importance of copper–chromium–arsenic (CCA)-pressure-impregnated wood in playing equipment as a pollution
source for soils was documented, and a process was started with the aim to ban this product. Soils from day-care centers in
the inner city of Bergen were polluted to a degree that required remediation in 45% out of 87 centers, mainly due to high
concentrations of Pb and benzo(a)pyrene. In Oslo, 38% of 700 day-care centers needed remediation due to soil pollution by
Pb, BaP, Cd, Hg, Ni and PCB. Removal of CCA-impregnated wood was necessary in more than half of the day-care centers The Norwegian
parliament has decided to investigate all outdoor playing areas in day-care centers, playgrounds and schoolyards in Norway,
starting in 2007 with day-care centers in the ten largest cities and five most important industrial areas. The Norwegian Institute
of Public Health has developed quality criteria for soils in day-care centers and playgrounds for As, Cd, Cr6+, Hg, Ni, Pb, zinc, PAHsum16, benzo(a)pyrene, and PCBsum7. The Geological Survey of Norway has developed guidance for mapping of soil pollution (sampling, chemical analysis and reporting)
in day-care centers. Especially the sampling strategy has been developed in the period 1996–2007, and the preferred sampling
strategy is to collect at least 10 samples of surface soil (0–2 cm) from (1) “original soil” on the site, (2) artificial man-made
“hills”, and (3) soils used for growing vegetables. A total number of 2,000 day-care-centres are to be investigated, and necessary
remediation should be completed before the end of 2010. 相似文献