几种环境因子对塔玛亚历山大藻(大鹏湾株)生长及其藻毒力影响

在室内条件下研究了温度 (θ/℃ )、盐度 (ρ/gL-1)及pH对有毒甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻 (大鹏株 )的生长及其毒力的影响 .实验表明 ,塔玛亚历山大藻θopt为 15～ 2 5℃ ,最大生长率出现在接种后 6～ 8d ;在盐度为 14～32g/L范围内 ,该藻均可生长 ,盐度 2 3～ 2 7g/L时生长最佳 ;在弱酸弱碱下 ,该藻可较好生长 ,pHopt=6～ 7;用小白鼠法测得本藻株c(HCl) =0 .1mol/L提液的麻痹性贝毒毒力为 0 .5 0× 10 -5～ 3.2× 10 -5Mu/cell,在同种藻株中属低毒藻株 .与其他作者对本藻株用不同毒素抽提方法及测定技术所得结果的比较表明 ,其藻毒力测定值最大相差达 30倍 .图 3表 2参 17     

地级市监测站在执行环境空气质量标准中遇到的问题及解决思路

阐述了当前地级市监测站在执行GB3095-1996监测中遇到的困难和问题,提出了解决这些困难和问题的见解.     

深圳滨海大道工程的生态影响与生态补偿

通过运用景观生态学原理对滨海大道工程中生态环境的损失及生态补偿的阐述,指出了道路工程的实施必须充分考虑生态环境损失及相应的生态建设,以利于区域内生态环境良好发展.     

Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1–14.7, 18.5–78.9, 2.4–75.4, 7.2–29.0, 13.5–124.4, and 21.8–403.1 mg/kg, respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0–10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30–46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30–45 cm depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential risk to water column under disturbance of sediment. Foundation item: The National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (2004CB418502)     

基于VEGETATION数据的区域生态系统质量评价之二——生产能力指数评价

区域生态系统生产能力指数是评价其生态功能的重要指标之一.文章构建了区域生态系统生产能力指数评价模型,并对中国1998～2004年间区域生态系统生产能力进行评价,发现中国各区域生态系统的生产能力在时空发布上差异巨大,在空间上呈现从西北往东南逐级变好的趋势,西北最差.在时间分异上,区域生态系统生产能力呈现明显的季节性发布,尤以北方地区最为明显.     

对外贸易技术效应与中国工业CO2排放绩效

随着对外贸易规模的扩大,对外贸易技术效应对中国工业CO2排放的影响如何?主要通过何种技术溢出途径影响工业CO2排放,是否存在行业异质性?本文基于DEA非参数方法测算了中国34个工业行业2001-2010年的Malmquist-Luenberger CO2排放绩效及其分解指数,并运用投入产出表构建进口和出口贸易水平技术溢出、出口贸易后向技术溢出以及进口贸易前向技术溢出四种指标,进而考察对外贸易技术效应对CO2排放绩效及其分解指数的影响。全行业的研究表明,出口贸易水平技术溢出抑制了技术进步,而出口贸易水平技术溢出和后向技术溢出促进了技术效率的改进;进口贸易水平技术溢出抑制了技术效率的改善,而进口贸易前向技术溢出促进了技术效率的提升。分行业看,出口贸易技术效应对两类行业CO2排放绩效分解指数的影响基本一致,而进口贸易技术效应的影响迥异。本文最后建议,我国应不断优化出口贸易技术结构,鼓励与促进出口贸易企业的本土化采购,扩大进口贸易中高新技术产品份额,以充分发挥对外贸易技术效应对CO2排放绩效的积极作用。     

炸药爆炸条件下释放气溶胶扩散研究

针对炸药爆炸事故造成的气溶胶污染物为瞬时体源的特点,根据事故应急时效性的原则,利用后置虚拟源等效的方法和点源扩散的高斯公式,探讨了炸药爆炸事故造成的气溶胶污染物扩散范围和浓度的计算方法,并分析干沉积和物质放射性衰变等因素对扩散浓度的影响。运用该方法对钚气溶胶扩散进行了计算和分析,其结果表明:该计算方法具有一定的有效性和实用价值,能为该类事故早期实施各种应急计划和措施提供参考依据。     

火灾环境下LPG储罐的失效机理研究及其数值模拟

在对国内外液化气储罐失效的相关理论基础上,从内部因素(传热行为分析)对火灾环境下液化石油气储罐的失效过程进行探讨,借助ANSYS和ANSYS LS-DYNA软件对其进行数值模拟.     

基于S-A模型的气田井喷失控射流数值模拟的研究

为研究气田井喷失控污染物扩散规律,建立了井喷失控射流的Spalart Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型,应用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟.以"12·23"井喷失控事故案例进行验证,与实际情况比较.结果表明,数值模拟结果与实际情况相符,说明了数值模拟方法的实用性和有效性.     

非煤地下矿山安全管理研究

本文首先分析了我国非煤地下矿山严峻的安全形势,并从人、物、机、环境、管理五个方面分析了事故多发的原因,然后对我国非煤地下矿山主要事故隐患进行了分类介绍,最后提出了我国非煤地下矿山安全生产水平的对策。