珠江三角洲制鞋行业挥发性有机化合物排放系数研究

采用工艺调查与现场监测相结合的方法,以物料衡算法为依据,通过现场监测结果进行验证,研究了制鞋行业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)排放系数。结果表明,水性胶粘剂使用企业的VOCs排放系数为(5.25±2.67)g/双,油性胶粘剂使用企业的VOCs排放系数为(30.11±10.60)g/双,根据不同类型胶水在制鞋行业中所占的权重,可得到反映地方特色的制鞋行业VOCs排放系数。     

城市道路交通噪声分布模拟研究

通过对梅州市中心城区7条道路的噪声监测,分析了中心城区道路的噪声污染水平。采用道路交通噪声预测模型,以实测交通流数据对中心城区的噪声污染进行模拟和减噪措施评估。结果表明,采用限速措施和安装声屏障措施均有降低噪声污染的效果,为管理部门防治噪声污染提供了参考。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中苦味酸

建立了顶空气相色谱法测定水中苦味酸的新方法,将10 mL水样中的苦味酸衍生化后,直接取顶空气进样,保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果表明,该法在0～25μg/L浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5),加标回收率为90.2%～107.6%,相对标准偏差为6.8%,检出限为0.02μg/L,能同时满足饮用水源地水和废水中苦味酸的测定要求。     

大气污染影响下凯里植物氮、硫含量分析

对大气污染影响下凯里植物氮、硫质量分数进行测定分析。结果表明:植物的氮质量分数为0.8%～2.8%,平均值为1.5%;硫质量分数为0.4%～1.4%,平均值为0.8%。植物的氮、硫质量分数都高于对照点植物,为对照点植物的1.4倍、1.9倍,表明该区植物已受到了大气污染的影响。不同植物间的氮、硫质量分数差异达到3.5倍和2.5倍。不同类型植物的氮、硫质量分数也存在差异,氮质量分数中:藤本>草本>灌木>乔木,硫质量分数中:藤本>草本>乔木>灌木;落叶植物的氮、硫质量分数>常绿植物的氮、硫质量分数。不同研究点植物的氮、硫质量分数存在差异,均表现为:玻璃厂>火电厂>水泥厂。     

绿色屋顶径流水质监测研究进展

概述了国内外绿色屋顶径流水质监测发展状况,并从绿色屋顶径流收集、降雨场次、监测指标、径流水质和污染物传输的影响因子等方面进行了归纳和总结。基于水量和水质管理,从几何尺寸、土壤类型和厚度、植被和维护等方面阐述了绿色屋顶在城市排水系统中的作用和地位。揭示了绿色屋顶需要开展长期的监测和研究,绿色屋顶径流水质监测逐渐向采样自动化和分析自动化方向发展。     

湖南省涉汞行业汞污染现状及防治监管对策

综述了环境中汞污染的来源及其危害,结合湖南省汞污染排放源现状调查,摸清了湖南省主要涉汞行业的基本情况。为有效进行汞污染的防治和监管,提出了加快工业结构转型、加强汞污染源信息管理、进一步提高涉汞行业的准入条件、逐步推进重点行业的汞减排等具体措施和建议。     

固定污染源烟气在烟道中流速分布的研究

针对固定污染源烟气在烟道中流速分布对净化方法的效率和排放总量计算的影响,采用自主研制的组合式流场的流速采样枪和国标方法对某电厂矩形烟道进行了烟气在烟道中流速分布的研究。实验结果表明,组合式流场的流速采样枪在烟道同一断面上各测点进行同时、同步、多点测量,其测量数据既能反映同一断面各测点上的流速特征,又能反映断面上各点的均值。组合采样枪各测点的伸入深度与流速之间呈对数关系,相关系数为0.960 6,数据具有真实性和准确性。烟气流速在烟道分布相当不均匀,呈现高流速、中流速、低流速3个区域。烟气流速由烟道内侧向外侧逐步增大,由内侧3 m/s,增加到外侧16 m/s。烟道顶部流速要高于烟道底部流速。     

深圳滨海大道工程的生态影响与生态补偿

通过运用景观生态学原理对滨海大道工程中生态环境的损失及生态补偿的阐述,指出了道路工程的实施必须充分考虑生态环境损失及相应的生态建设,以利于区域内生态环境良好发展.     

地级市监测站在执行环境空气质量标准中遇到的问题及解决思路

阐述了当前地级市监测站在执行GB3095-1996监测中遇到的困难和问题,提出了解决这些困难和问题的见解.     

Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1–14.7, 18.5–78.9, 2.4–75.4, 7.2–29.0, 13.5–124.4, and 21.8–403.1 mg/kg, respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0–10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30–46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30–45 cm depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential risk to water column under disturbance of sediment. Foundation item: The National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (2004CB418502)