48 m环形加热炉系统的事故研究与分析

通过环形加热炉系统的事故类型研究分类与汇总，以及火灾爆炸事故和CO中毒事故的定性定量分析，使现场操作维修人员在安全生产管理中，能够准确地抓住环形加热炉系统事故隐患的关键所在，进而更加科学合理地控制好设备的正常运行，保障安全生产。     

铜矿酸性废水氧化钙中和处理装置的改造

介绍了用氧化钙二次中和沉淀法处理铜矿酸性废水的工艺流程、主要设备和处理效果。针对矿山不断开采带来的废水水质变化和处理装置存在的新问题 ,对工艺路线、斜板沉淀池、石灰消和机等进行了改造。改造后的运行结果表明 ,出水水质达到GB8978— 1996二级排放标准 ,节约运行费用 15万元 /a ,沉淀池大修期从 4a延长到 6a ,减少石灰用量 8% ,增加废水处理量 1.5× 10 5m3 /a。     

高速公路丙烷罐车爆炸事故的后果分析

本文针对公路丙烷罐车爆炸事故的实例,对事故发生的原因进行了分析.分析结果认为,事故属于沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸(BLEVE),事故对人员和财产危害包括3个方面:火球热辐射、爆炸冲击波超压和抛射碎片.本文介绍了这3种危害的数学模型和方法,并针对事故实例进行了分析和计算.结果表明,在事故发生现场100m范围内的热辐射可致人死亡或造成三度烧伤;冲击波超压在80m范围外会使玻璃破碎,但无人员伤亡;抛射碎片在334 m的范围内都可能对人体造成伤害.由此,可以得出火球热辐射是事故中最主要危害的结论.     

阜康市工业废气排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线变异研究

收集了1999年至2013年新疆阜康市人均GDP及人均工业废气排放量相关数据，通过Eviews软件对其进行拟合分析，运用环境库兹涅茨曲线理论，认为阜康市工业废气排放在2000年以后呈下降趋势，但在2008年以后上升，并在2012年出现下降趋势。结合阜康市的工业发展和环境政策对这一现象进行分析，认为阜康市环境保护工作任重道远但已呈现出良好开端，并提出改善对策。     

Observation of black carbon aerosol in Beijing, 2003

The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003. The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University (39.99° N, 116.31° E) from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004. The average black carbon (BC) concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4 μg/m³, respectively. During winter, two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer. The BC mass concentration in TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were obtained. The results indicated that in winter aerosol, 90% of BC exited in PM₁₀ and 82.6% of BC exited in PM_2.5. The BC in PM₁₀ accounted for 5.11% of the PM₁₀ mass.     

三阶段论：人类社会演化规律初探

本文在剖析人与自然界中的生命力系统的双螺旋进化过程及其相关主形态演化趋势的基础上，提出人类社会由生存、发展到可持续发展的“三阶段”演化学说，并依据“三种生产论”分析和评价了生存与发展阶段的特征和规律，探讨了可持续发展的内涵及其演化阶段的基本特征与行为准则     

A study of the atmospheric VOCs of Mount Tai in June 2006

Intensive field investigations were conducted at the summit of Mount Tai in June 2006 to understand the effects of the local and regional sources on atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) distributions. A total of 60 samples were collected and determined by quantitative analytical methods. The concentrations of the total VOCs (TVOCs) observed in the air of Mount Tai were 6.95 ± 5.71 ppb. Aromatic hydrocarbons provided the largest contribution to TVOCs, followed by alkanes and halocarbons. High levels of halocarbons accounted for 20% of TVOCs due to emission from a PVC plant located at the foot of Mount Tai. Alkenes and cycloalkanes contributed little to the total VOCs. The day-and-night differences and day-to-day variations in the concentrations of four selected species were investigated and the effects of several factors such as meteorological parameters, sources and transport characteristics on them were discussed in details. A back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher levels of VOCs were related to long-range transport of pollutants from polluted areas. The vertical motions of air masses also had a large impact on the variations of the levels of VOCs. The result of the variability–lifetime relationships of VOCs, which is used to estimate the remoteness of the sampling location, showed that Mount Tai represents intermediate conditions between remote sites and sites in the vicinity of sources.     

川藏公路滑坡加固预应力锚索受力分析研究

以川藏公路102滑坡群滑坡处理为依托,仔细研究了滑坡体的工程地质特征。对由大型松散堆积物形成的2#滑坡锚索加固工程稳定性进行了研究,由于在2#滑坡中,滑动面和预应力锚索之间的夹角很大,作用在锚索上面的力还包括轴向拉力和侧向的弯矩和剪力。通过对力的分析和计算证明,使用梁单元来进行计算更加符合实际使用要求,因此,预应力锚索的应用不仅能够合理地改善结构的受力条件,并且能够充分地利用材料本身的强度特性,节约了工程的使用费用,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

汞在城市污水处理厂的赋存特征及质量平衡——甲基汞

以焦作市第一污水处理厂各工艺单元的进出物料为研究对象,通过样品中甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞含量的测定,初步探讨了甲基汞在污水处理厂物料中的赋存特征和迁移过程.结果发现,污水处理厂进水中甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞的含量分别在6.73—49.53 ng·L-1和0.55—8.14 ng·L-1之间,日均值分别为21.34±13.88 ng·L-1和2.55±2.36 ng·L-1.污水厂外排水中甲基汞含量在0.42—1.15 ng·L-1之间,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GBl8918—2002)中规定的烷基汞含量限值(10 ng·L-1)要求.污水厂对原污水中甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞的去除率分别达到了96.3%和85.1%,甲基汞的去除主要发生在二级处理工艺单元(氧化沟+二沉池).与污水厂进水相比,出水中溶解态甲基汞所占甲基汞的比率显著升高(15.4%±11.4%升至48.3%±17.9%)(P<0.001),甲基汞占总汞的比率也有显著升高(1.9%±1.2%升至3.9%±1.2%)(P<0.001).沉砂池、二沉池、浓缩池和压滤机房污泥中甲基汞含量分别为7.65±4.35、13.53±6.54、10.48±8.17、8.80±6.48 ng·g-1,占总汞的比率分别为0.9%±0.5%、0.3%±0.1%、0.2%±0.2%、0.2%±0.1%.各处理单元污泥中甲基汞含量均不稳定,日变异系数均达到了45%以上.污水处理厂进出物料中甲基汞的质量平衡计算表明,每天离开污水处理厂的甲基汞比进入污水处理厂的甲基汞减少了1889 mg,占进水中甲基汞质量的88.5%.甲基汞的损失主要发生在二级处理工艺单元,可能有两个方面的原因,一是甲基汞在氧化沟和二沉池中的吸附和沉积,二是甲基汞在污水处理过程中发生了去甲基化.