陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理应用

为解决石油开采及油井措施作业过程中原油散落井场产生油泥,污染井场周围土壤、水体、空气的现状,文章介绍了一种针对生态环境脆弱的陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理技术,可以实现对井场油泥环保、经济、有效处理。     

广东、广西地区酸沉降统计模式的研究

介绍了两广地区酸沉降模式,该模式的基础是定常欧拉型酸沉降模式,其中包括硫污染物的人工排放源,扩散输送,化学转化和干湿沉降,对全年120天气象资料进行计算和平均以后,得到广东、广西地区硫沉降的基本图象.从模式计算的结果可以看出,在目前低空排放(排放源在300m以下)的条件下,城市污染源排放的硫污染物的输送范围约10~2km量级、污染物的浓度及干湿沉降量都有显著的非均匀分布.     

环境战略的新发展

论文指出,环境战略从环境领域延伸到经济社会领域,将发展下环境作为一个整体对待,环境战略重点从污染防治转向资源和生态系统的保护,污染防治从尾端治理转向发展清洁生产,即从产业规划、产品规划,技术和工艺开发,产品设计,废物的综合利用和合理处理实行全过程的管理;从发展经济消除贫困寻求保护生态环境的正确道路,切断“贫困－过度开发自然资源－生态环境恶化－自然灾害加剧－更加贫困”的恶性循环,中国环境战略应与全球     

Effects of plant species coexistence on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community structure under Cd and Pb combined pollution

The relationship between plant species coexistence and soil microbial communities under heavy metal pollution has attracted much attention in ecology. However, whether plant species coexistence could o set the impacts of heavy metal combined pollution on soil microbial community structure and soil enzymes activities is not well studied. The modified ecological dose model and PCR-RAPD method were used to assess the e ects of two plant species coexistence on soil microbial community and enzymes activities subjected to Cd and Pb combined stress. The results indicated that monoculture and mixed culture would increased microbe populations under Cd and Pb combined stress, and the order of sensitivity of microbial community responding to heavy metal stress was: actinomycetes > bacteria > fungi. The respirations were significantly higher in planted soil than that in unplanted soil. The plant species coexistence could enhance soil enzyme activities under Cd and Pb combined. Furthermore, planted soil would be helpful to enhance soil genetic polymorphisms, but Cd and Pb pollution would cause a decrease on soil genetic polymorphisms. Mixed culture would increase the ecological dose 50% (ED50) values, and the ED50 values for soil enzyme activities decreased with increasing culture time. The dehydrogenase was most sensitive to metal addition and easily loses activity under low dose of heavy metal. However, it was di cult to fully inhibit the phoshpatase activity, and urease responded similarly with phosphatase.     

城市交通诱发地面振动测试时域分析

针对日益严重的城市交通所引起的环境振动问题,主要基于广州火车站附近高架路诱发沿线地面振动的现场实测,并包括动车组通过时的测试,通过对实测数据进行深入分析,总结出高架路诱发环境振地的传播规律,在最小二乘准则条件下,提出了更加符合环境振动实际传播特征的衰减经验公式。分析结果表明:竖向振动幅值高出水平向较多,在评价环境振动时,应以竖向振动为主;高架路诱发环境振动和动车组诱发环境振动均呈现脉冲响应特征;高架路诱发环境振动随距桥墩距离增加,脉冲响应特征快速消失,而动车组诱发环境振动的这个特征则相对不明显;存在局部振动放大区域;相比传统经验衰减公式,本文提出的环境振动经验衰减公式更能反映实际环境振动波的传播特点。     

“罐采样-实验室分析”测定环境空气中117种挥发性有机物要点分析

“罐采样-实验室分析”是当前测定环境空气中挥发性有机物的主流方法。结合已有资料,针对方法涉及的采样、样品运输与保存、分析测试等环节,考察了环境空气中挥发性有机物监测的主要影响因素。罐选择、清洁度、气密性、惰性化是样品保存的先决条件;采样流量控制器的气密性、流量校准等是保证监测准确的基本要素;温度变化对样品保存产生影响;标准气体的湿度、配置平衡时间、保存时间、配制准确性和内标气体的保存时间等会导致校准和溯源产生偏差。样品中的水分及二氧化碳是分析过程中影响监测结果准确性的干扰因素,实验室有机溶剂也会干扰分析的准确性。     

国外大气中消耗臭氧层物质及其替代物的监测概况与启示

大气中消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)及其替代物监测是科学评估履约成效的重要基础。美国等发达国家针对大气中ODS及其替代物开展了长期的网络化监测,中国相关监测起步相对较晚,基础比较薄弱。该文总结了发达国家大气中ODS及其替代物的监测经验,分析了中国的监测现状及存在的问题,提出了中国大气中ODS及其替代物监测的建议:明确监测目标,推进国家大气中ODS及其替代物监测网络建设;加快相关监测设备研发及方法研究进程,形成规范统一的监测技术体系;定期开展监测数据质量评价,加强综合分析利用。通过采取相应措施,逐步形成中国履行保护臭氧层国际环境公约的监测支撑能力。     

Collaborative influence of morphology tuning and RE (La,Y, and Sm) doping on photocatalytic performance of nanoceria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tuning morphology and doping additional rare earth (RE) cations are potential techniques to promote the photocatalytic performance of ceria (CeO2),...     

Global burden analysis and AutoGluon prediction of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning by Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) is the most common occupational toxic disease, but related data are scarce or non-existent in many...     

Associations between exposure to different heavy metals and self-reported erectile dysfunction: a population-based study using data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals are ubiquitous and nonbiodegradable pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Heavy metal exposure can damage various...