水热条件对不同坡位兴安落叶松林土壤CH4通量的影响

兴安落叶松林是我国北方最大的针叶林,在我国具有重要的碳汇地位,对我国以及全球的气候变化具有重要影响。由于独特的高寒高湿和多年冻土的特殊生态环境,兴安落叶松林土壤中 CH4的吸收与释放的规律与众不同。因此,开展对土壤 CH4动态及其与环境关系的研究,对揭示兴安落叶松林碳汇能力的形成、碳释放动态以及兴安落叶松林对气候变化的作用具有重要的理论和实践意义。作者于2011年5月到9月间在内蒙古根河国家生态站,在不同坡位的4种典型兴安落叶松林群落中布设样地,采用静态箱-红外气体分析仪收集气体并分析CH4通量的变化,同时测定不同深度的土壤温度,测定土壤含水率。借助SAS方差分析、相关性分析等统计方法,对兴安落叶松林土壤CH4通量的季节变化进行研究,同时分析土壤温度及含水率对 CH4通量的影响。结果表明,CH4的季节动态变化规律：坡顶 CH4通量为春季释放,夏季吸收,秋季释放,吸收大于释放,通量的平均值为-68.12μg·m^-2·h^-1;坡上部CH4通量为春夏秋3季均吸收,通量的平均值为-342.49μg·m^-2·h^-1;坡下部CH4通量为春季释放,夏季吸收,秋季释放,释放大于吸收,通量的平均值为67.8μg·m^-2·h^-1;坡脚CH4通量为春夏秋3季均释放,通量的平均值为263μg·m^-2·h^-1。总的来说,在生长季兴安落叶松林土壤甲烷通量吸收大于释放,说明地处寒温带的大兴安岭是CH4的汇。观测期间CH4通量与温度及土壤含水率均有一定的相关性,二者从不同角度影响CH4通量的变化,而随着坡位的变化土壤水热条件也随之改变,这同样是影响CH4通量的一个重要因素。     

氧化钙对危险废物焚烧飞灰热处理过程中铅释放的抑制

危险废物焚烧飞灰（以下简称“飞灰”）在热处理过程中,挥发性重金属铅（Pb）的释放对环境的潜在风险备受关注.本文研究了飞灰在600~1200 ℃热处理过程中,常见添加剂CaO对飞灰中Pb的浸出及挥发行为的影响.结果表明,当热处理温度超过1000 ℃且CaO含量为38.7%时可有效抑制飞灰中Pb的浸出,促使其转移至稳定的残渣态.而CaO的含量为47.9%时,在飞灰热处理过程中可促使飞灰中Pb转移至Ca₃PbSiO₆矿物相,进而抑制飞灰中Pb的释放,这对精准控制飞灰热处理过程的重金属二次污染具有重要参考价值.     

呼吸型填埋场覆盖层技术研究Ⅱ：呼吸型覆盖层的甲烷氧化性能研究

基于前期研究构建的热动力自充氧装置,研究了模拟呼吸型自充氧覆盖层（2.4m×0.85m×3.6m,长×宽×高）对甲烷氧化性能的影响.结果表明,在垃圾快速降解期内,40cm厚自充氧覆盖层中的O2含量始终保持在15%以上,释放到外界的填埋气中CH4含量在检出限以下,与传统覆盖层技术相比,CH4含量最大可削减76.5%.通气...     

PAM保水剂对生物反应器填埋场持水性能及生物活性影响研究

填埋垃圾的含水率是生物反应器填埋场中垃圾降解和渗滤液产生的重要影响因素.本文将农业上广泛应用的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)高分子保水剂用于垃圾填埋场保水持水性能的改善,以提高填埋场微生物活性,促进有机物降解.选取了典型的非水溶性高分子保水剂JB和水溶性高分子保水剂WSN20,通过考察填埋过程中介质含水率、渗滤液产量及水质,填埋气组分和微生物活性的变化,评价保水剂种类及添加量对填埋介质持水性能和垃圾降解过程的影响.结果表明,保水剂的添加量对介质的持水能力和微生物活性具有较大的影响.适量高分子保水剂的添加可有效减少渗滤液的产生并改善其水质.其中非水溶性保水剂JB的效果尤为显著,0.1%的投加比时能使填埋装置内介质的含水率增加12%,提高填埋体系中的微生物活性3.3倍,渗滤液产生量的削减达到75.6%.     

Enhancement on the ammonia oxidation capacity of ammonia-oxidizing archaeon originated from wastewater: Utilizing low-density static magnetic field

• AOA’s ammonia oxidizing capacity was enhanced under moderate magnetic field. • AOA possessed a certain magnetotaxis under uneven magnetic field. • Enhanced ammonia oxidizing capacity was lost once magnetic field was removed. Ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (AOA) could play important roles for nitrogen removal in the bioreactors under conditions such as low pH and low dissolved oxygen. Therefore, enhancing ammonia oxidation capability of AOA has great significance for water and wastewater treatment, especially under conditions like low dissolved oxygen concentration. Utilizing a novel AOA strain SAT1, which was enriched from a wastewater treatment plant by our group, the effect of magnetic field on AOA’s ammonia oxidation capability, its magnetotaxis and heredity were investigated in this study. Compared with control experiment, AOA’s maximum nitrite-N formation rate during the cultivation increased by 56.8% (0.65 mgN/(L·d)) with 20 mT magnetic field. Also, it was testified that AOA possessed a certain magnetotaxis. However, results manifested that the enhancement of AOA’s ammonia oxidation capability was not heritable, that is, lost once the magnetic field was removed. Additionally, the possible mechanism of improving AOA’s ammonia oxidation capability by magnetic field was owing to the promotion of AOA single cells’ growth and fission, rather than the enhancement of their ammonia oxidation rates. The results shed light on the application of AOA and methods to enhance AOA’s ammonia oxidation capability, especially in wastewater treatment processes under certain conditions.     

A review of coal gangue identification research—application to China’s top coal release process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Top coal caving is a process for the rational extraction of large amounts of coal resources. However, this process readily causes release of excessive...