南京市20种蔬菜氟、硫、氯元素含量研究

从１９９１年起连续三年在南京市的四个主要蔬菜基地采集了不同季节的２０种常用蔬菜样品，测定了食用部位中氟、硫、氯３种元素的含量。统计分析结果表明，三元素平均含量均明显高于清洁对照点，叶菜类蔬菜与对照差异显著，其他大部分蔬菜与对照差异不明显；三元素中氟污染最重，氯次之，硫最轻，且硫、氯含量有逐年减小趋势；工业大气污染源对蔬菜品质有一定影响，应注意蔬菜基地的合理布局。     

京杭运河徐州段底栖动物与水质的关系

本研究利用生物监测方法，探明了京杭运河徐州段大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物种群及其分布。运用污染生物指数（Ｇｏｏｄｎｉｇｈｔ）和生物多样性指数（Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ）统计表达，对京杭运河徐州段进行生物综合评价，同时，指出了该水体污染，将给徐州的两个地面饮用水厂及国家南水北调工程带来威胁和危险。通过生物指标与理化指标对比，综合分析研究，冲破了理化指标的限制，说明生物指标对水体污染的评价更全面、可靠而直观。     

人工神经网络方法用于城市环境空气质量综合评价

采用人工神经网络技术,建立了城市环境空气质量综合评价的ANN模型,并通过实例对建立的评价模型进行验证。结果证明,ANN模型用于区域环境空气质量评价,其评价结果比较直观。同时,对在建立和应用ANN模型时应注意的一些问题进行了讨论。     

Biotreatment of H2S- and NH3-containing waste gases by co-immobilized cells biofilter

Gas mixture of H2S and NH3 in this study has been the focus in the research area concerning gases generated from the animal husbandry and the anaerobic wastewater lagoons used for their treatment. A specific microflora (mixture of Thiobacillus thioparus CH11 for H2S and Nitrosomonas europaea for NH3) was immobilized with Ca-alginate and packed inside a glass column to decompose H2S and NH3. The biofilter packed with co-immobilized cells was continuously supplied with H2S and NH3 gas mixtures of various ratios, and the removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drop in the biofilter was monitored. The results showed that the efficiency remained above 95% regardless of the ratios of H2S and NH3 used. The NH3 concentration has little effect on H2S removal efficiency, however, both high NH3 and H2S concentrations significantly suppress the NH3 removal. Through product analysis, we found that controlling the inlet ratio of the H2S/NH3 could prevent the biofilter from acidification, and, therefore, enhance the operational stability. Conclusions from bioaerosol analysis and pressure drop in the biofilter suggest that the immobilized cell technique creates less environmental impact and improves pure culture operational stability. The criteria for the biofilter operation to meet the current H2S and NH3 emission standards were also established. To reach Taiwan's current ambient air standards of H2S and NH3 (0.1 and 1 ppm, respectively), the maximum inlet concentrations should not exceed 58 ppm for H2S and 164 ppm for NH3, and the residence time be kept at 72 s.     

T cell-derived IL-5 production is a sensitive target of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

The immune system is one of the organs most vulnerable to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Among the various immunotoxic effects of TCDD, the thymus involution and suppression of IgM antibody production are well known sensitive reactions of the thymocytes and B cells affected by TCDD. Recently, we reported that TCDD greatly inhibits the production of type-2 helper T (Th2) cell-derived cytokines, especially IL-5, by the splenocytes in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). In the present study, we investigated the dose-dependency of these TCDD immunotoxic effects in OVA-immunized mice to identify the most sensitive target. Mice of two age groups, 6 weeks old and 3 weeks old, were dosed with 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 microg TCDD/kg and immunized with OVA using alum as an adjuvant. Seven days later, the thymus weight, thymocyte population, antigen-specific IgM in the plasma, and IL-5 production by the splenocytes were examined. Among them, IL-5 production was significantly suppressed by all three doses of TCDD and reduced to about 30% by even a small dose of 0.3 microg TCDD/kg in both age groups. The thymus weight was significantly reduced by 1.0 microg or 3.0 microg TCDD/kg, but IgM production was not affected by up to 3.0 microg/kg of TCDD in both age groups. Taken together, the Th2 cell-derived IL-5 production was the most sensitive endpoint detecting TCDD toxicity among those examined. Our results also suggest that effector T cells are targets more vulnerable to TCDD toxicity than thymocytes or antibody-producing B cells in the OVA-immunized mice.     

利用西湖淤泥进行低成本有机型基质栽培试验

以西湖淤泥为主要原料，配以砻糠灰、干鸡粪、菜籽饼等，组配低成本有机型基质，旨在合理开发利用西湖淤泥。处理Ⅰ(西湖淤泥 砻糠灰 干鸡粪)与处理Ⅱ(西湖淤泥 砻糠灰 菜籽饼)均有良好的理化性质，其孔隙度、有机质含量及N、P、K含量适宜樱桃番茄的生长。处理Ⅰ樱桃番茄早期营养生长及前期产量、总产量等方面与对照(泥炭 珍珠岩 泡沫粒)无显著性差异，果实中Vc含量显著高于对照。处理Ⅱ早期营养生长不如对照，但前期产量、总产量与对照无显著性差异，干物质、Vc含量与糖度显著高于对照。处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的成本约为对照的1／2左右。     

利用底栖动物研究京杭运河徐州段的水质变化

通过分析京杭运河徐州段4个断面底栖动物的种类、密度，及生物多样性指数的变化来研究京杭运河徐州段水质的变化趋势。     

Sample purification for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediment and fish muscle

The methods of sample purification for determinations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment and fish muscle were investigated in this study. A two-step procedure with preliminary cleanup and florisil column fraction was adopted. The working conditions of florisil column were firstly optimized. As to preliminary cleanup, liquid-liquid extraction by mixture of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and hexane and sulphonation by concentrated sulfuric acid were applied respectively and compared for the studied samples. The results indicated that liquid-liquid distribution could effectively separate lipids from fish muscle extracts, while failed in elimination of chlorophyll extracted from the relicts of hydrophytes in the sediment sample. In view of the sample appearance and clarity of gas chromatogram, sulphonation was more suitable to purify the sediment sample, however, the recoveries of the spiked standards were poor. The use of eluting solvent with stronger polarity could improve the corresponding recoveries significantly. Due to complete loss of Dieldrin, Endrin, and Endrin aldehyde after sulphonation, this pretreatment was improper to the three components. Sulfur, as the particular disturbing element in sediment, could be removed sufficiently by addition of activated copper powder. The relevant detection limits of the selected methods for OCPs in the studied substrates were also provided.     

介质特性对DBD降解苯的影响

为了提高介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)等离子体的处理效率,研究了内外介质组成分别为:(1)石英 石英;(2)陶瓷 石英;(3)陶瓷 陶瓷这3种情况下苯的降解情况.试验结果表明,在处理低浓度含苯废气时,陶瓷 陶瓷效果最好;陶瓷(内管) 石英(外管)在处理高浓度含苯废气时显示出优势.通过对气相产物和固相结焦产物的分析验证了DBD能有效降解苯,降解产物不会带来新的污染.进一步分析了实验条件和介质材料的变化对DBD降解苯的影响机理.     

环境条件对遵义市呼吸系统疾病的影响及预测研究

为探究气象和空气污染等环境条件对呼吸系统疾病发病的影响,为遵义地区相关疾病预防提供科学依据,采用分布滞后非线性模型和广义线性、相加模型,利用当地气象和污染资料,分析了2012~2016年遵义市气象环境要素对呼吸系统疾病发病的影响.结果显示,遵义市呼吸系统疾病发病状况与当地长期气候状态基本保持一致,气候效应对其的影响占主导作用,其中,冬季为呼吸系统疾病高发期,立秋至处暑前后其发病人数最少,表明此时间段内当地气候条件对呼吸系统疾病患者有气候疗养效应.气温对呼吸系统疾病发病的影响以低温滞后效应为主,在其敏感阈值附近气温每变化1℃,发病人数将累积增加31.6%（95% CI：4.4%~65.8%）;气压以高压滞后效应为主,相对湿度则在低湿部分同时有即时和滞后效应.舒适度对呼吸系统疾病的影响,在冷、热斜胁迫下其发病人数明显多于舒适状况时.PM_2.5、SO₂和NO₂三种污染物的影响都以即时效应为主,而CO则在累积滞后lag04时相对危险度最高,PM_2.5与呼吸系统疾病发病人数的暴露-反应曲线呈单调线性分布,SO₂、NO₂和CO均为“J”型分布.低温与高浓度NO₂或者低湿与高浓度SO₂的协同作用对呼吸系统疾病的影响较大.建立的全年和季节多元逐步回归方程的试预报准确率在75%以上（夏季除外）,其中分季节建模预测效果显著优于全年预测效果.