Partitioning and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers in Tianjin, China

Water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from ten rivers in Tianjin and analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) in SPM and total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment. The behavior and fate of PAHs influenced by these parameters were examined. Generally, organic carbon was the primary factor controlling the behavior of the 16 PAH species. Partitioning of PAHs between SPM and water phase was studied, and K(OC) for some PAH species were found to be significantly higher than the predicted values. The source of PAHs contamination was diagnosed by using PAH isomer ratios. Coal combustion was identified to be a long-term and prevailing contamination source for sediment, while sewage/wastewater source could reasonably explain a short-term PAHs contamination of SPM.     

Impacts of climatic and atmospheric changes on carbon dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

We used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to estimate carbon (C) storage and to analyze the impacts of environmental changes on C dynamics from 1971 to 2001 in Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM). Our simulation results indicate that forests in GRSM have a C density as high as 15.9kgm(-2), about twice the regional average. Total carbon storage in GRSM in 2001 was 62.2Tg (T=10(12)), 54% of which was in vegetation, the rest in the soil detritus pool. Higher precipitation and lower temperatures in the higher elevation forests result in larger total C pool sizes than in forests at lower elevations. During the study period, the CO(2) fertilization effect dominated ozone and climatic stresses (temperature and precipitation), and the combination of these multiple factors resulted in net accumulation of 0.9Tg C in this ecosystem.     

废旧电路板低温改性实验研究

介绍了电路板的结构特点及常温力学特征,通过实验研究了电路板在低温处理后力学性能的变化情况,结果显示冲击强度随着冷却温度的下降而降低,在-30℃左右冲击强度最小,当冷却温度低于-30℃后下降趋势变得缓慢;弯曲强度随着温度的下降总的趋势是先减小后增大,在-30℃点弯曲强度和断裂载荷同样达到最低,然后再迅速增加.研究在不同的冷冻温度下,废旧电路板粗碎与细碎的工艺参数变化.实验结果表明,低温粗碎时,在一定程度上提高生产能力,减少单位功耗;低温细碎时,-30℃到-40℃平均功耗较低,在-30℃左右平均功耗下降得最快.本研究为低温破碎工艺的选择及破碎机的设计提供了基础性实验数据.     

脉冲电源电凝聚处理厨房废水的研究

将脉冲电源和直流电源分别作为电凝聚处理废水的外加电源,拟试验探明电源对电凝聚处理废水的电能消耗的影响和相关参数的优化.试验结果表明,脉冲电源相对直流电源能更加有效降低阳极的超电位,减缓电极的极化,从而降低槽电压,进而有效地降低电能消耗.在试验条件下,脉冲频率对处理效果影响不显著,而脉冲占空比对处理效果有明显的影响,较合适的脉冲电源电凝聚处理废水的优化参数是:脉冲频率1 000 Hz、占空比60%.同时,对电解槽沉积絮凝物的处理进行了说明.     

双循环两相生物处理工艺的中试研究

采用双循环两相生物处理工艺(BICT)系统对城市污水处理厂出水进行中试研究,探讨了中试试验工况下BICT系统对污染物的去除率.结果表明,独立膜反应区的设置消除了生物硝化与除磷的关联性,从而可通过在SBR反应器缩短泥龄来提高系统的除磷效率;系统中污泥转移的实现,使系统在反应阶段能保证较高的污泥浓度,从而提高污泥的释磷效果,为系统处理能力的提升提供较大潜力.在适宜的试验工况下,进水COD容积负荷小于1.00 kg/(m3·d)时,系统COD平均去除率80%左右,出水COD保持在60 mg/L左右;总氮容积负荷小于0.4 kg/(m3·d)时,总氮平均去除率在80%左右,出水总氮低于15 mg/L;总磷容积负荷3～35 g/(m3·d)时,总磷去除率稳定在90%以上,出水总磷低于0.5 mg/L;出水指标均可达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)中的一级标准.     

溶藻细菌对富营养化水体藻类群落结构的影响

向富营养化水体投放3株溶藻细菌(蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)L7、L8和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)L18)的菌液.在试验期内,3株溶藻细菌显示出很好的控藻效果,使叶绿素a(Chl-a)和藻类密度分别比初始值降低87%以上和72%以上;藻类Shannon-Weaver多样性指数维持在2～3,Pielous均匀度指数介于0.60～0.81,其中,溶藻细菌L7效果最明显.而未投加菌液的水体Chl-a未发生明显上升,但藻类密度自9.55×104个/mL上升到2.09×105个/mL,藻类Shannon-Weaver多样性指数由2.17降到1.11,Pielous均匀度由0.60降到0.33.3株溶藻细菌并非简单地杀灭水体中的全部或某些藻类,而是能明显地调节藻类群落结构,使其朝着较为稳定的方向发展,在修复藻型富营养化水体水生生态系统方面有很好的应用前景.     

Effects of HMX exposure upon metabolic rate of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in ovo

We evaluated the use of the gas exchange rate as an ecologically relevant indicator of chemical stress in avian embryos/eggs. Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) via feed containing nominal concentrations of 0, 12.5, 50.0, and 125.0 mg kg(-1). Metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) of developing quail eggs were then measured via respirometry to examine potential effects of HMX exposure. Metabolic rates were examined on 5, 9, and 21 d of incubation. Next, concentrations of HMX in embryos/eggs were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean (+/-SE) concentrations of HMX in eggs were 21.0+/-5.9, 1113+/-79.0, 3864+/-154.0, and 7426+/-301.1 ng g(-1) in control, low, medium and high dose groups, respectively. There were significant differences in oxygen consumption among the three embryo ages, however differences among the ages were not consistent among dose groups (age x dose group interaction p<0.0001). Oxygen consumption rates did not vary as a function of HMX in embryos (p=0.18). No evidence was observed for alterations of in ovo metabolic rates associated with HMX exposure.     

各类VOCs在蜂窝陶瓷型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的催化燃烧性能

以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为：含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。     

Study on dissolved organic carbon in precipitation in Northern China

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in 483 precipitation samples collected at 10 sites in Northern China from December 2007 to November 2008. The annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of DOC for 10 sites ranged from 2.4 to 3.9 mg C/L and 1.4 to 2.7 g C m^?2 yr^?1, respectively. The proportion of DOC to total organic carbon (TOC) was 79% on average, suggesting that a significant fraction of TOC was present as insoluble particulate organic carbon. Due to intensive domestic coal use for house heating and smaller dilution of scavenged organic carbon, higher VWM concentrations of DOC were observed during winter and spring than during summer and autumn. When precipitation events were classified via air mass back-trajectories, the mixed trajectories from SE and NW always corresponded to significantly higher DOC than those from SE or NW alone, coinciding with the centre of a low pressure system moved eastward and the wind direction changed from southeast to northwest. The results also showed that each site had a similar seasonal variation for DOC wet deposition flux. The largest flux occurred during the rainy season, and the lowest flux appeared during winter months. The product of the TC/DOC ratio and the DOC flux yielded an average TC wet deposition flux of 3.2 g C m^?2 yr^?1 in Northern China, accounting for 8.6% and 22% of the carbon sink magnitude (37 g C m^?2 yr^?1) in terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emissions (14 g C m^?2 yr^?1), respectively. This indicates that atmospheric wet deposition of TC is a significant carbon flux that cannot be neglected in regional models of the carbon cycle, and should be considered along with dry deposition in the removal mechanism for carbon from regional atmosphere.     

Industrial-scale application of the plunger flow electro-oxidation reactor in wastewater depth treatment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effluents after biochemical treatment contain pollutants that are mostly non-degradable. Based upon previous pilot-scale test results, an...