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21.
系统分析了珠三角城市群PM2.5、O3和挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征,并筛选出对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)和O3影响较大的敏感性组分。结果显示:珠三角城市群PM2.5和O3浓度的季节变化具有明显差异,PM2.5和O3分别在1月和10月出现浓度最高值。珠三角城市群VOCs主要以烷烃为主,占比为64.2%,其次为芳香烃和烯烃,含量较高的组分为丁烷、异戊烷、异丁烷和环己烷。SOA生成潜势贡献主要以芳香烃为主,占比为78.5%,其中甲苯、间,对-二甲苯和乙苯的SOA生成潜势最大。O3生成潜势主要以烯烃为主,占比为42.3%,其次为芳香烃(34.2%)和烷烃(23.5%),其中丙烯、异戊二烯和1-丁烯的O3生成潜势最大。为有效缓解珠三角城市群PM2.5和O3污染,建议优先对机动车尾气、溶剂挥发、涂料使用和石化行业的VOCs敏感组分进行控制。 相似文献
22.
为实现对平寨水库叶绿素a的遥感监测,选取平寨水库2017年11月17—18日的实测叶绿素a浓度数据和准同步的Sentinel-2数据,通过选取最佳波段组合建立BP神经网络模型,对平寨水库叶绿素a进行反演,并分析其空间分布特征。结果表明:Sentinel-2红边波段对叶绿素a的敏感性优于可见光波段,在叶绿素a浓度反演方面具有较大潜力。相关系数最大的波段组合方式是:B5/B4、[1/B4-1/B5]*B6、[1/B4-1/B5]*B7和[1/B4-1/B5]*B8;BP神经网络模型可决系数R2为0.9160,平均相对误差为29.87%,反演精度优于三波段模型;平寨水库叶绿素a浓度空间分布差异明显,水面开阔的中心库区浓度较高,各支流上游河段浓度较低。Sentinel-2数据可较好地应用于喀斯特高原湖泊叶绿素a浓度反演,BP神经网络模型估测结果合理、可靠;研究结果可为平寨水库水环境治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
23.
24.
以华南稻田土壤为研究对象通过构建微宇宙体系,研究了淹水稻田自养硝酸盐还原耦合As(III)氧化过程及其微生物群落结构组成.结果表明,NO3-的添加促进了稻田土壤中As(III)的氧化,在未添加NO3-的处理(Soil+As(III))以及灭菌处理(Sterilized soil+As(III)+NO3-)中As(III)未发生明显的氧化;在Soil+As(III)+NO3-处理中,NO3-有少量被还原,而在Soil+NO3-处理中,NO3-没有被还原.通过16S rRNA高通量分析在NO3-还原耦合As(III)氧化体系中微生物群落结构特征,在Soil+As(III)+NO3-处理中shannon指数相对较低为8.19,土壤微生物群落多样性降低,其中在门水平上主要优势菌群为变形菌门Proteobacteria(33%)、绿弯菌门Chloroflexi(11%)、浮霉菌门Planctomycetes(12%);在属水平上主要的优势菌属为Gemmatimonas(7.4%)以及少量的Singulisphaera、Thermomonas、Bacillus.NO3-的添加能够促进稻田土壤中自养As(III)氧化,并且影响着稻田土壤中微生物群落组成. 相似文献
25.
以电解锰渣为原料,经过"弱酸除杂-碱融活化-室温陈化-晶化"水热合成反应体系,在分别外加铝源和硅源的条件下制备方沸石ANA-A及ANA-S,运用XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS和BET等表征手段对2种方沸石的化学组成、晶相结构、微观形貌和比表面积进行分析。结果表明:在煅烧温度750℃、合成温度180℃、水热反应时间8 h的条件下,外加铝源和硅源均可合成方沸石。进一步研究2种沸石对水溶液中Pb2+的静态吸附性能,其所合成的电解锰渣基ANA-A及ANA-S方沸石均可以很好地用Langmuir等温模型拟合,属于单分子层吸附,饱和吸附量分别为161.29,185.19 mg/g,对初始浓度为100 mg/L的Pb2+去除率分别为93.69%和95.47%,且均符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附;两者中ANA-S的吸附效果更好。 相似文献
26.
F-V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.As the content of F ions increased from 0.00 to 0.35 wt.%,the NO conversion of F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts initially increased and then decreased.The 0.2 F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst(0.2 wt.% F ion)exhibited the best denitration(De-NOx) performance,with more than 95% NO conversion in the temperature range 160-360℃,and 99.0% N2 selectivity between 110 and 280℃.The addition of an appropriate amount of F ions eroded the surface morphology of the catalyst and reduced its grain size,thus enhancing the NO conversion at low temperature as well as the sulfur and water resistance of the V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalyst.After selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reaction in a gas flow containing SO_2 and H_2 O,the number of NH3 adsorption sites,active component content,specific surface area and pore volume decreased to different degrees.Ammonium sulfate species deposited on the catalyst surface,which blocked part of the active sites and reduced the NO conversion performance of the catalyst.On-line thermal regeneration could not completely recover the catalyst activity,although it prolonged the cumulative life of the catalyst.In addition,a mechanism for the effects of S02 and H_2 O on catalyst NO conversion was proposed. 相似文献
27.
Weicheng Zhang Bingyu Ning Caiyun Sun Ke Song Xin Xu Tao Fang Lunguang Yao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):180-193
Released Ag ions or/and Ag particles are believed to contribute to the cytotoxicity of Ag nanomaterials, and thus, the cytotoxicity and mechanism of Ag nanomaterials should be dynamic in water due to unfixed Ag particle:Ag+ ratios. Our recent research found that the cytotoxicity of PVP-Ag nanoparticles is attributable to Ag particles alone in 3 hr bioassays, and shifts to both Ag particles and released Ag+ in 48 hr bioassays. Herein, as a continued study, the cytotoxicity and accumulation of 50 and 100 nm Ag colloids in Escherichia coli were determined dynamically. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms of nano-Ag colloids are dynamic throughout exposure and are derived from both Ag ions and particles. Ag accumulation by E. coli is derived mainly from extracellular Ag particles during the initial 12 hr of exposure, and thereafter mainly from intracellular Ag ions. Fe3+ accelerates the oxidative dissolution of nano-Ag colloids, which results in decreasing amounts of Ag particles and particle-related toxicity. Na+ stabilizes nano-Ag colloids, thereby decreasing the bioavailability of Ag particles and particle-related toxicity. Humic acid (HA) binds Ag+ to form Ag+-HA, decreasing ion-related toxicity and binding to the E. coli surface, decreasing particle-related toxicity. HA in complex conditions showed a stronger relative contribution to toxicity and accumulation than Na+ or Fe3+. The results highlighted the cytotoxicity and mechanism of nano-Ag colloids are dynamic and affected by environmental factors, and therefore exposure duration and water chemistry should be seriously considered in environmental and health risk assessments. 相似文献
28.
This study profiled the bacterial community variations of water from four water treatment systems, including coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation-biological activated carbon filtration (O3-BAC), disinfection, and the tap water after the distribution process in eastern China. The results showed that different water treatment processes affected the bacterial community structure in different ways. The traditional treatment processes, including coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration, reduced the total bacterial count, while they had little effect on the bacterial community structure in the treated water (before disinfection). Compared to the traditional treatment process, O3-BAC reduced the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the finished water. In addition, ozonation may play a role in reducing the relative abundance of Mycobacterium. NaClO and ClO2 had different effects on the bacterial community in the finished water. The relative abundance of some bacteria (e.g. Flavobacterium, Phreatobacter and Porphyrobacter) increased in the finished water after ClO2 disinfection. The relative abundance of Mycobacterium and Legionella, which have been widely reported as waterborne opportunistic pathogens, increased after NaClO disinfection. In addition, some microorganisms proliferated and grew in the distribution system, which could lead to turbidity increases in the tap water. Compared to those in the finished water, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Phreatobacter, Rheinheimera, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter increased in the tap water disinfected with NaClO, while the relative abundance of Mycobacterium increased in the tap water disinfected with ClO2. Overall, this study provided the detailed variation in the bacterial community in the drinking water system. 相似文献
29.
Mengwei Zhang Wanyue Liu Qian Qu Mingjing Ke Zhenyan Zhang Zhigao Zhou Tao Lu Haifeng Qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(11):102-109
An effective broad-spectrum fungicide, azoxystrobin (AZ), has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting the growth of aquatic microorganisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic alga Monoraphidium sp. and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. were exposed to AZ for 7 days. Our results showed that 0.2–0.5 mg/L concentrations of AZ slightly inhibited the growth of Monoraphidium sp. but stimulated Pseudanabaena sp. growth. Meanwhile, AZ treatment effectively increased the secretion of total organic carbon (TOC) in the culture media of the two species, and this phenomenon was also found in a freshwater microcosm experiment (containing the natural microbial community). We attempted to assess the effect of AZ on the function of aquatic microbial communities through metabolomic analysis and further explore the potential risks of this compound. The metabonomic profiles of the microcosm indicated that the most varied metabolites after AZ treatment were related to the citrate cycle (TCA), fatty acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism. We thereby inferred that the microbial community increased extracellular secretions by adjusting metabolic pathways, which might be a stress response to reduce AZ toxicity. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for further study of fungicide stress responses in aquatic microcosm microbial communities, as well as a good start for further explorations of AZ detoxification mechanisms, which will be valuable for the evaluation of AZ environmental risk. 相似文献
30.
DEP (diethyl phthalate,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯)是一种在环境中普遍存在的具有潜在神经和生殖毒性的增塑剂,其会干扰环境生物的发育水平、运动行为及生化水平.以秀丽隐杆线虫的体长、体宽、头部摆动频率及生化指标作为测试终点,评估环境中DEP对秀丽隐杆线虫的生态毒理效应.在不同环境浓度(0、0.000 2、0.002、0.02、0.2、2 mg/L)的DEP溶液中,对秀丽隐杆线虫进行不同时间(24 h、72 h和10 d)的暴露试验.结果表明:①在不同浓度DEP溶液中暴露24 h后,秀丽隐杆线虫的发育水平均未受到显著影响(P>0.05).②在不同浓度DEP溶液中暴露72 h后,秀丽隐杆线虫的发育水平受到干扰.与对照组相比,在DEP浓度最高(2 mg/L)时,秀丽隐杆线虫体长下降了3.21%(P < 0.05);在DEP浓度为0.000 2 mg/L时,秀丽隐杆线虫的体宽呈上升趋势,且头部摆动频率明显加快了5.52%(P < 0.01),秀丽隐杆线虫的发育水平受到显著抑制.③在不同浓度DEP溶液中暴露10 d后,与对照组相比,秀丽隐杆线虫的体长、体宽和头摆频率均出现下降;在DEP浓度为2 mg/L时,秀丽隐杆线虫体内活性氧自由基、脂褐素和细胞凋亡水平累积均增长显著,出现氧化应激损伤.研究显示,不同环境浓度的DEP溶液会对秀丽隐杆线虫产生一定的毒性影响,且不同暴露时间和暴露浓度产生的毒性影响也存在一定差异. 相似文献