烟气温度对电除尘器性能影响的数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件对电除尘器进行三维数值模拟研究,通过自定义函数(UDF)实现电场、流场、颗粒场和温度场的4场耦合,研究烟气温度对电除尘器电场特性、流场特性和除尘效率的影响.结果显示:入口烟气质量流量相同时,当烟气温度从20℃上升到400℃时,平均电场强度从4.9×105V/m减小到1.4×105V/m,...     

基于生态效率的区域循环经济发展实证研究——以江苏省为例

基于生态效率理论,对江苏省2005—2014年生态效率及其变化轨迹进行实证研究,并引入脱钩分析法探究江苏省经济发展状况与环境压力的关系,最后使用灰色关联分析法对影响江苏省生态效率变化的主要资源与环境分效率因子作出诊断。结果表明:2005—2014年,江苏省各指标的资源效率均在波动,环境效率多数有小幅上升;综合资源效率与综合环境效率皆有波动,且综合环境效率波动幅度大于综合资源效率;从生态效率及循环经济模式的时间演变轨迹看,江苏省走的是跳跃型发展模式;经济发展与环境压力的脱钩状态不稳定,主要表现为强脱钩、弱脱钩和扩张性复钩3种状态;通过灰色关联分析可知,固体废物综合利用、工业用电、全社会用电、生活能源消费、城镇生活污水排放和一般工业固体废物产生为影响江苏省生态效率变化的显著贡献因子。     

沙尘尺寸分布对微波传输特性的影响

应用沙尘粒子的尺寸分布和沙粒的等效介电常数模型,给出了微波在沙尘暴中的传输模型,表明沙尘的衰减和相移与沙粒的等效半径成正比关系,并对不同能见度、不同频率和不同高度下沙尘暴引起的衰减和相移进行了仿真计算。结果表明,对数正态分布和指数分布对微波的传输特性影响最大,瑞利分布和正态分布的预测结果比较接近且影响最小。     

Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM2:5/PM10 in Beijing, China

During 2001-2006,PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site,China,and in 2006,at a background site in Duolun (DL).The long-term monitoring data of elements,ions,and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements,nitrates,ammonium salts,and sulfates.These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of...     

沈阳市人工河渠污染特征与防治对策

沈阳市运河和细河为典型人工河渠,对其污染特征和规律进行了研究和探讨,对历年的整治措施和效益进行了评述,针对生态城市建设的需要,对人工河渠未来的建设目标和对策进行展望,本文侧重论述了城市相关排污因素对人工河渠的影响以及必然经历的整治进程,对于生态城市水系建设和水环境质量改善的重点进行了概述分析。     

重金属抗性菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1对银离子的生物吸附-微沉淀成晶作用

发现1株对银离子有强吸附能力的蜡状芽孢杆菌HQ-1,研究了其对银离子的吸附特性及吸附机理.结果表明,菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g,吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型,相关系数高达0.999 9;吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,相关系数为0.99;考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现,菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附,温度对吸附影响较小;FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理,一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag 的络合作用,二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag 的微沉淀成晶作用.     

碳纳米管对阿特拉津的吸附/解吸特性

采用批量实验研究了不同溶液条件下阿特拉津(AT)在单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)和多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)上的吸附/解吸行为.实验结果显示,离子强度对AT在SWNT和MWNT上的吸附没有显著影响,但随着pH值的增大,AT在2种碳纳米材料上的吸附量显著增加;这表明,AT在溶液中的存在状态是吸附的主要影响因素.在本实验的研究条件下,AT从SWNT和MWNT上的解吸行为不存在明显的滞后效应.碳纳米管对AT较高的吸附容量和吸附的可逆性表明,碳纳米管的大规模应用将可能带来一定的环境和健康风险.     

Inhibitory effects of four plants flavonoids extracts on fatty acid synthase

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) had been found overexpress and hyperactive in most cancers. Pharmacological inhibitors of FAS activity preferentially repress cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis without affecting nonmalignant fibroblasts. These made FAS an excellent drug target for cancer therapy. The activity of FAS in 11 different kinds of cancer cells, including esophageal carcinoma (EC109, EC8712, H5E973), gastric carcinoma (N87, BGC823), lung carcinoma (A549, 95-D), hepatoma (HepG2), uterine cervix cancer (HeLa) and leukaemia (K562, U937) were compared using spectrophotometric method. We selected the cell line with the highest FAS activity as cell model to study the inhibitory effect of the flavonoids extracts on FAS. Four plants including Canavium album Raeuseh leaves, Bombax ceiba Linn, Brassica albograbra Bailey, and Citrus reticulata Blanco were selected for extracting flavonoids. The results showed significantly different FAS activity among different cancer cells. The FAS activity is the lowest in gastric cancer cell N87 (15.91 ± 3.61 U/mg protein) and the highest in lung cancer cell A549 (127.36 ± 10.14 U/mg protein). The cancer cell A549 was used as cell model to test the inhibitory effort of flavonoids extracts on FAS. Results showed that the flavonoids extracts of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves have higher inhibitory effect on FAS activity compared with the universally used FAS inhibitor C75 and both extracts inhibit cancer cell proliferation when added to cultured cancer cells. These studies provided a good cell model for testing the inhibitory effect on FAS activity and suggested that Citrus reticulata Blanco rind and Canavium album Raeuseh leaves are good biomaterials for separating and purifying natural flavonoids FAS inhibitors and exploring their inhibitory mechanisms.     

Acidibility established as a characteristic of high strength organic wastewater quality

Acidification processes of the alcohol wastewater on molasses and the sugar-peptone manual make-up water were studied to determine their acidification capability. The two types of wastewater were both diluted into serial gradient dilutions and acidified separately. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and were detected daily until acidification reached a maximum state. The degraded COD in each dilution, which were considered as degraded VFAs and analyzed. The ratio of the sum of produced VFAs and degraded VFAs to the initial COD of dilutions was defined as acidibility (V/C). It showed that within a large concentration extent, the V/C values were consistent for different dilutions of each wastewater. Thus acidibility becomes a characteristic of high strength organic wastewater quality. The acidibility of the alcohol wastewater on molasses was analyzed to be 0.71, and the acidibility of sugar-peptone manual make-up water was 0.76. In a practicable view, it is meaningful to set up acidibility as a new water quality index, which can be used to guide the design of acidification technique in various high concentration organic wastewater treatment practices.     

突发公共卫生事件下多阶段应急救援物资配置研究*

为提高突发公共卫生事件背景下应急救援物资分配效率,减少人员伤亡与经济损失,以应急物资需求未满足所导致的损失最小及物资分配总距离最短为目标,研究重大公共卫生事件爆发后不同阶段下应急物资分配问题。构建优化模型,并通过某城市中13个物资需求点的应急物资分配案例验证模型的科学性与合理性。结果表明:本文方法能有效解决动态需求下应急物资分配问题,为解决突发公共卫生事件下应急物资配置提供参考和借鉴。