Embryonic exposure to low concentration of bisphenol A affects the development of Oryzias melastigma larvae

The prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment has attracted increasing attention because of the toxicity of this manmade pollutant. However, the toxicity related to cardiac development remains largely unknown. In the present paper, we investigated the cardiac toxicity of BPA using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. At 2?days postfertilization (dpf), the embryos were continuously exposed to a low concentration of BPA (200?μg/L) for the whole embryonic stage. Heart rate and sinus venosus (SV)-bulbus arteriosus (BA) distance were measured under microscopy. The mRNA expression levels of genes were quantified by SYBR real-time RT-PCR, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine the histology of fish larvae hearts. Neither the heart rate nor the SV-BA distance of the embryos was affected by BPA exposure. However, the mRNA expression levels of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, BMP4, COX-1, FGF8, GATA4, and NKX2.5 were all downregulated at the critical developmental stages (6 and 10?dpf). Interestingly, the mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and LERP were significantly upregulated at 10?dpf. The mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes (TNFα, IL1β, SOD, and CCL11) were all significantly upregulated after exposure. Moreover, we found that both the body length and the body width decreased in the larvae after embryonic exposure to BPA. The distributed foci of inflammation were observed in the juveniles after 2?weeks' depuration. Exposure to BPA at embryonic stages could alter the expression of heart development-related genes and inflammation-related genes of O. melastigma. The larvae hatched from exposed embryos showed the foci of inflammation in the heart ventricles and the decrease of the body length and width.     

Factors Affecting Ozone Sensitivity and Susceptibility Of Cotton Plants

Cotton plants were investigated to ascertain the growth period of maximum sensitivity to ozone. Plants were grown from seed in the greenhouse to obtain a two-day interval age series to about three months old. Before fumigation with 0.2 to 1.0 ppm ozone for 1 hr, plants were preconditioned under standard growth chamber conditions with day temperatures of 32°, night temperatures of 21°, relative humidity of 50%, and a light intensity of 6 X 10⁴ ergs/cm²/sec. Also, stomatal opening was monitored with a resistance hygrometer. Ozone damage to leaves was assessed by rating per cent visible damage with an arbitrary scale. Approximately 0.6-0.7 ppm ozone exposure for 1 hr was necessary for visible damage. Leaves were susceptible to ozone when about three-quarters fully expanded. Leaves appearing on older plants became progressively less sensitive. Diurnally, susceptible leaves were only sensitive after several hours in the light and then lost sensitivity toward the end of a normal day. The two most critical questions concerning the nature of ozone sensitivity and susceptibility are: (7) what is the nature of susceptibility, and (2) what is the nature of sensitivity of susceptible leaves?     

广州市内环路交通噪声模拟与降噪措施评估研究

基于单车辆噪声排放模型,考虑距离衰减及声屏障的遮挡作用,建立了高架道路交通噪声模拟模型,计算了广州市内环路的交通噪声分布,并基于地理信息系统(GIS)绘制了内环路的交通噪声地图。同时,以环市东路路段为例,评估了限速、限行及加装声屏障等降噪措施的降噪效果。结果表明:(1)内环路昼间的噪声污染较严重,靠近道路的第1排建筑物大部分处于65～70dB的噪声环境之下,面对路面的建筑物的开窗位置,噪声达到70～75dB。噪声较严重的地区为环市东路路段、火车站路段、中山一路路段、南岸路路段、环市西路路段等,这些地区都可能成为内环路噪声投诉事件的高发地区。相同地区的噪声在夜间下降了一个级别,能够达到《城市区域环境噪声标准》(GB 3096—93)的限值要求(55dB)。(2)加装声屏障的措施,能够在不影响现有路面行车状态的情况下达到降噪要求,是比较推崇的方法。     

D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过树脂筛选实验,选用大孔强酸性阳离子树脂D006作为Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附材料,通过静态实验考察吸附时间、振荡转速、溶液pH和树脂用量对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学性能,同时对树脂进行了再生实验。结果表明,D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量可达20.98mg/g;D006树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件为吸附时间120min、振荡转速120r/min、溶液pH 2.9左右、树脂用量0.20g;D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述Cd(Ⅱ)在D006树脂上的吸附行为,吸附的活化能为5.46kJ/mol,该吸附过程主要为物理吸附;于30℃下采用1mol/L硫酸对吸附后的D006树脂进行脱附,脱附率可达到96%以上,可实现对Cd(Ⅱ)的富集与回收。     

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis

To develop an efficient bio-immobilization approach for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil, a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis (B38) was obtained by ultraviolet irradiation and selection under high concentration of cadmium (Cd) in a previous study. In the present study, to check the applicability of this mutated species to the sorption and immobilization of other metals, the sorption of four heavy metals, Cd, chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), on living and nonliving B38 in single- and multiple-component systems under different conditions was investigated using batch experiments. Rapid metal binding occurred on both living and nonliving B38 during the beginning of the biosorption. The sorption kinetics followed the exponential equation for living biomass and the pseudo-first-order Lagergren model for nonliving biomass, with r ² values in the range of 0.9004-0.9933. The maximum adsorptive quantity of the heavy metals on B38 changed with the solution pH, temperature, biomass dose, and ionic strength. The nonliving biomass generally showed greater or similar adsorptive capacities as compared with the living biomass and was not likely to be affected by the solution parameters. The bacterium had a stronger affinity to the cationic heavy metals than to the anionic one, and the equilibrium sorption amounts were 210.6, 332.3, and 420.9 mg/g for Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The results of binary and ternary sorption experiments indicated that the metals with the higher sorption capacity in the single-component systems showed greater inhibitory effects on the biosorption of other metal ions in the multiple-component systems, but the sorption sites of Hg and Cd or Pb are likely to be different. The results of this study illustrated that the mutant species is a promising biosorbent for the remediation of multiple heavy metals.     

SBR单级自养脱氮系统氮素转化途径

利用氮素计量关系和批式实验研究了SBR系统中基于短程硝化的单级自养脱氮特性和脱氮途径。结果表明,SBR系统获得良好脱氮效果,TN最高去除负荷和去除速率分别达0.49 kg N/(m3.d)和0.20 kg N/(kg VSS.d);系统中82%的氨氮转化成气体脱除,10%的氨氮转化成硝酸盐氮。批式实验结果表明,SBR系统中的污泥同时具有厌氧氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化和自养反硝化活性,三者的反应速率分别为0.12 kg NH4+-N/(kg VSS.d)、0.04 kg NO2--N/(kg VSS.d)和0.03 kg NO2--N/(kg VSS.d)。综上,SBR系统中氮的脱除是短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化共同作用的结果,产生的硝酸盐是厌氧氨氧化和硝化作用所致。     

纤维素季铵盐处理活性染料废水

研究了纤维素通过季铵化反应制备的纤维素季铵盐(quaternized celluloses,QCs)高分子混凝剂对染料废水的脱色效果及机理,实验了它和无机助凝剂的联合使用分别对不同pH值条件下的活性染料废水脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在pH值为8至12范围内,QCs的投加对活性染料废水的脱色作用非常显著,无机助凝剂的投加对其脱色率的影响相对较小,但可以提高其脱色反应速度和脱色率。活性染料废水的脱色率可达98.53%,色度可达4倍以下。     

基于资源环境统筹下的“多规合一”试点建设—以河南省获嘉县为例

"多规合一"是一项从国家顶层设计推进的市县规划体制改革,河南省获嘉县作为全国28个"多规合一"试点城市之一,是欠发达平原农业区小城市的典型代表。本文深入分析了获嘉县多规并存的冲突与差异、资源环境与城市发展不协调的现实,同时在考虑生态环境空间约束与资源承载的前提下,突出生态环境的基本制约与保障作用,提出从底线控制、规模约束、环境保障三方面体现市县多规融合,从规划体系、标准数据、空间布局、信息平台、管理机制五个方面实现多规融合,并给出了多规融合调整策略。     

Occurrence of free estrogens,conjugated estrogens,and bisphenol A in fresh livestock excreta and their removal by composting in North China

An efficient pretreatment and analytical method was developed to investigate the occurrence and fate of four free estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)), four conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate sodium salt (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate sodium salt (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E2-3G)), and bisphenol A (BPA) in three livestock farms raising beef cattle, cows, sheep, swine, and chickens in Qi County, which is located in North China. The results demonstrated that one cow and one beef cattle excreted 956.25–1,270.41 and 244.38–319.99 μg/day of total (free and conjugated) estrogen, respectively, primarily through feces (greater than 91 %), while swine excreted 260.09–289.99 μg/day of estrogens, primarily through urine (98–99 %). The total estrogen excreted in sheep and broiler chicken feces was calculated to be 21.64–28.67 and 4.62–5.40 μg/day, respectively. It was determined that conjugated estrogens contributed to 21.1–21.9 % of the total estrogen excreted in cow feces and more than 98 % of the total estrogen excreted in swine urine. After composting, the concentration of total estrogen decreased by 18.7–59.6 %; however, increased levels of BPA were measured. In treated compost samples, estrogens were detected at concentrations up to 74.0 ng/g, which indicates a potential risk of estrogens entering the surrounding environment.     

淮河流域近50年降水异常及其大尺度环流特征

根据国家气象中心整编的全国714站月平均降水量资料,运用REOF分析、Morlet小波分析、差值分析等方法,通过对淮河流域代表站点的选取,分析了1960～2009年淮河流域降水的趋势变化特征、周期特征,以及多雨、少雨年的大气环流异常特征。结果表明：（1）淮河流域年降水总量呈缓慢增长趋势,20世纪80年代初期由负距平转为正距平。冬季和夏季降水量呈显著增长趋势,春季和秋季降水量呈显著减少趋势,80年代前期为降水变化的转折期;(2)淮河流域夏季降水存在准3 a的显著振荡周期和准10 a的次显著振荡周期,同时在60～90年代还存在准6 a振荡周期;（3）淮河流域多雨年,500 hPa经向风偏强且范围广,850 hPa上从孟加拉湾经南海向华东地区的水汽输送明显偏强,在江苏、安徽地区有水汽的正涡度辐合区;少雨年,经向风偏弱,华东地区方向的水汽输送明显减弱;（4）多雨年与少雨年的500 hPa风场差值场、高度场差值场分析表明,多雨年贝加尔湖西部和鄂霍次克海地区阻塞高压活动频繁,东北冷涡异常活跃,副高偏强,3者共同作用使得降水偏多。500 hPa温度场差值场分析表明,多雨年中国东部、华北和东北地区冷空气偏强,同时南方大部分地区暖空气也偏强,冷暖空气共同作用使降水偏多