对我国海洋环境监测工作的若干建议

本文在回顾和总结我国海洋环境监测多年成就的基础上，分析了海洋环境质量发展的趋势，指出随着沿海经济及海洋资源开发活动的深入发展，近岸海洋环境将面临的前所未有的压力。为此，未来我国海洋环境监测的重点是近岸水域，尤其是各类入海污染源及其邻近海域，监工作必须由近海向近岸及重点海域转移。     

小城镇环境污染与防治

发展小城镇是我国城市化过程的必由之路,但小城镇在快速发展的过程中产生了很多环境问题,本文分析了产生这些问题的原因,并提出了环境保护的对策及措施。     

强震前淮北台地倾斜短临异常的探讨

地倾斜观测是目前我国作为探索地震前兆的重要手段之一,实践证明地倾斜与地震存在着一定的对应关系.本文尝试利用淮北台FSQ型及JB型倾斜仪的观测结果,通过分析,获取与全球、全国强震有关的短临前兆信息以及总结其基本特征,得到了一些经验性认识.     

最大熵(Maxent)模型在物种栖息地研究中的应用

最大熵(Maxent)模型是以生态位理论为基础的新兴研究领域,它通过有限的物种分布点数据及其相关的环境信息组成训练样本,利用基于数据驱动的机器学习理论分析推算出物种的生态需求,然后将运算结果投射至不同的时间和空间中预测物种的潜在分布和实际分布.近年来,该模型在生态学和生物多样性保护等研究中越发重要,文章介绍了Maxent模型的基本原理,从物种栖息地需求分析、气候变化对物种分布的影响、物种入侵监测以及自然保护区的选择和规划设计等方面阐述Maxent模型在物种栖息地研究中的应用.     

How can government environmental enforcement and corporate environmental responsibility consensus reduce environmental emergencies?

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Environmental emergencies have become a severe challenge to human society due to their great harmfulness, which seriously restrict the sustainable...     

风险管理标准在环境监测站的应用研究

环境监测是环保工作的重要组成部分,任务重、责任大、社会关注度高,基层环境监测站更处在风口浪尖,面临着监测质量风险、岗位职务风险、败诉追责风险、廉政纪检风险等一系列风险.2013年两高环境司法解释出台后,环境监测数据可直接作为司法证据,这对基层环境监测站提出更新、更高的要求.该文章介绍了运用《风险管理原则与实施指南》(GB/T 24353-2009)进行环境监测站风险管理的方法.     

Anthropogenic Calcium Particles Observed in Beijing and Qingdao, China

Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies. The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia.     

餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光法测定

提出了餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光测定方法。通过试验选择丙醇作为油烟气中醛类化合物的吸收剂。研究了Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ反应在测定油烟气中醛类化合物时的反应条件。样品与荧光试剂等体积混合,在ｐＨ６．０的体系中,５７℃下反应１５ｍｉｎ。     

规模化养鸡场冲洗废水三段式处理达标排放可行性试验研究

以青岛市某规模化养鸡场冲洗废水为研究对象,考察以"A/O生化+混凝沉淀+MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)氧化"三段式处理工艺处理该类废水达标排放的可行性。试验结果表明:A/O生化段可以有效去除废水中有机污染物,COD的去除率可达92.86%,出水COD浓度可以达到DB 37534—2005《山东省畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》第三阶段要求;对BOD5、SS、氨氮及TP去除效率分别可以达到90.81%、89.04%、68.42%及80.79%,但出水尚达不到排放标准要求。混凝沉淀可以有效去除废水中SS及TP,处理后出水浓度分别为44 mg/L及2.26 mg/L,可以达到排放标准要求;经济有效的混凝剂为聚合硫酸亚铁,最优投加量为15 mg/L。MBBR氧化对BOD5及氨氮有着较好的去除效果,水力停留时间8 h时BOD5及氨氮出水浓度分别为42 mg/L及19.40 mg/L,出水可以达到排放标准要求。