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991.
Lianghu Su Guangzhai Guo Xinlong Shi Minyu Zuo Dongjie Niu Aihua Zhao Youcai Zhao 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(6):1411-1417
Co-disposal of refuse with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (IBA) either multi-layered as landfill cover or mixed with refuse could pose additional risk to the environment because of enhanced leaching of heavy metals, especially Cu. This study applied short-term accelerated weathering to IBA, and monitored the mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process. Cu extractability of the weathered IBA was then evaluated using standard leaching protocols (i.e. SPLP and TCLP) and co-disposal leaching procedure. The results showed that weathering had little or no beneficial effect on Cu leaching in SPLP and TCLP, which can be explained by the adsorption and complexation of Cu with DOM. However, the Cu leaching of weathered IBA was reduced significantly when situated in fresh simulated landfill leachate. This was attributed to weakening Cu complexation with fulvic acid or hydrophilic fractions and/or intensifying Cu absorption to neoformed hydr(oxide) minerals in weathered IBA. The amount of total leaching Cu and Cu in free or labile complex fraction (the fraction with the highest mobility and bio-toxicity) of the 408-h weathered IBA were remarkably decreased by 86.3% and 97.6% in the 15-day co-disposal leaching test. Accelerated weathering of IBA may be an effective pretreatment method to decrease Cu leaching prior to its co-disposal with refuse. 相似文献
992.
Jeff Snelling Dongye Zhao J. Samuel Arey 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1484-1492
Abstract Methyl tertiary hexyl ether (MtHxE) and methyl tertiary octyl ether (MtOcE) are currently being developed as replacement oxygenates for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE) in gasoline. As was the case with MtBE, the introduction of these ethers into fuel supplies guarantees their introduction into the environment as well. In this study, a screening-level risk assessment was performed by comparing predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of these ethers to concentrations that might cause adverse effects to humans or ecosystems. A simple box model that has successfully estimated urban air concentrations of MtBE was adapted to predict atmospheric concentrations of MtHxE and MtOcE. Expected atmospheric concentrations of these ethers were also estimated using the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) multimedia fate model, which simultaneously calculates PECs in the various environmental compartments of air, water, soil, and sediment. Because little or no data are available on the physicochemical, environmental, and toxicological properties of MtHxE and MtOcE, estimation methods were used in conjunction with EUSES to predict both the PECs and the concentrations at which these ethers might pose a threat. The results suggest that these ethers would contaminate the air of a moderately sized U.S. city (Boston, MA) at levels similar to those found previously for MtBE. The risk assessment module in EUSES predicted risk characterization ratios of 10?3 and 10?2 for MtHxE and MtOcE, respectively, in Boston, and 10?2 and 10?1 in very large urban centers, suggesting that these ethers pose only a minimal threat to ecosystems at the anticipated environmental concentrations. The assessment also indicates that these compounds are possible human carcinogens and that they may be present in urban air at concentrations that pose an unacceptable cancer risk. Therefore, testing of the toxicological properties of these compounds is recommended before they replace MtBE in gasoline. 相似文献
993.
Xinxin Hu Wei Shi Fu Cao Guanjiu Hu Yingqun Hao Si Wei Xinru Wang Hongxia Yu 《Chemosphere》2013,90(7):2123-2128
The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10?1 to 1.20 × 101 ng E2 L?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10?1 ng E2 L?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking. 相似文献
994.
火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中铝的方法改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了在盐酸介质中,壬基酚聚氧乙烯-7醚(NP-7)活化下,火焰原子吸收光度法测定环境水体中铝的方法改进。在25mL容量瓶中,加入5.0mL体积分数为50%的盐酸、2.0mL质量浓度为0.01g/mL NP-7和4.0mL质量浓度为75.0μg/mL的铝标准溶液,在原子吸收分光光度计的最佳测定条件下测定吸光度。根据吸光度与铝质量浓度绘制了工作曲线,线性范围3.0~24.0μg/mL,检出限1.32μg/mL。该法用于环境水体中铝含量的测定,加标回收率为94.4%~101.4%,最大相对标准偏差5.8%,方法对比最大相对误差4.1%。 相似文献
995.
用碳化法从制碱废渣一次盐泥中制取轻质氧化镁的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究是用制碱废渣一次盐泥作原料,采用二氧化碳碳化法制取轻质氧化镁。同时分析了提取轻质氧化镁后的残渣用于制造水泥或其它胶凝材料的原料的可行性。 相似文献
996.
Effects of plant density on the photosynthetic and chloroplast characteristics of maize under high-yielding conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ren Baizhao Liu Wei Zhang Jiwang Dong Shuting Liu Peng Zhao Bin 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(3-4):1-14
The Science of Nature - Knowledge on animal personality has provided new insights into evolutionary biology and animal ecology, as behavioural types have been shown to affect fitness. Animal... 相似文献
997.
Zhao Huixia Zhang Zulu Jiang Luguang . Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . College of Population Resources Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China . Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(2):34-40
Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper. 相似文献
998.
本文采用万元产值取水量和水重复利用率作为节水指标,通过对山东省主要工业行业用水节水现状进行调查研究,阐述了各行业节水水平和节水经验,分析并预测了节水潜力,总结提出了各行业应采取的主要节水措施和建议。 相似文献
999.
Humic and fulvic acids are present in nearly all natural waters. These acids are known to affect the transport of environmental contaminants such as metals and hydrophobic organics through the terrestrial environment. an understanding of their role in the transport of contaminants is therefore essential and is facilitated if the acid is labelled with a suitable radioactive label. This paper reports the use of 14C-methylamine and 125I to label humic acid with either 14C or 125I and investigates factors which affect the yield of these reactions. the stability and mobility of the labelled humic material through sand is also reported. 相似文献