In situ preparation of g-C3N4/Bi4O5I2 complex and its elevated photoactivity in Methyl Orange degradation under visible light

A graphite carbon nitride(g-C₃N₄) modified Bi₄O₅I₂ composite was successfully prepared insitu via the thermal treatment of a g-C₃N₄/Bi OI precursor at 400°C for 3 hr.The as-prepared g-C₃N₄/Bi₄O₅I₂ showed high photocatalytic performance in Methyl Orange(MO) degradation under visible light.The best sample presented a degradation rate of 0.164 min^-1,which is...     

取代芳烃对发光菌的毒性及定量结构与活性相关

通过测定取代芳烃对发光菌毒性，用Ｆｒｅｅ－Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ法和分子连接性法研究了取代芳烃结构与活性的相关性，取代基的毒性顺序为：－Ｂｒ＞－ＣＯＯＨ＞－ＮＯ２≈－Ｃｌ＞－ＣＨ３＞ＮＨ２。建立了ＥＣ５０与ＬＣ５０的相关性，并预测一些化合物的ＬＣ５０值，结果和实测值符合较好。     

不同老化时间的TiO_2纳米颗粒对玉米生长的影响

为探讨老化时间对TiO_2纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)生物有效性的影响,研究了不同老化时间的Ti O_2NPs(0~120 d)对玉米幼苗生长的影响、在玉米体内的吸收及其在植株不同部位的存在位点等。研究发现,不同浓度的TiO_2NPs(1 000 mg·kg~(-1)和2 000 mg·kg~(-1))加入到土壤中,对玉米幼苗干鲜重没有明显的影响,但老化时间小于60 d时,对玉米幼苗株高有一定的抑制效应,老化60 d之后,随着老化时间的继续延长,毒性逐渐降低,最后趋于稳定。老化60 d时,TiO_2NPs处理的玉米幼苗根冠增大,玉米幼苗体内产生H2O_2的累积。在Ti O_2老化土壤中生长的玉米幼苗根系和地上部均有Ti的累积,1 000 mg·kg~(-1)的TiO_2NPs在玉米幼苗根部的生物累积系数达到35.4%,在地上部为13.6%,在玉米植株体内的转运系数为0.38;通过TEM观察,TiO_2NPs可以进入到玉米幼苗体内,并存在于根细胞的细胞质和叶绿体膜上,在叶片细胞的液泡和细胞核中也发现有TiO_2NPs的存在。上述研究结果为客观评价TiO_2NPs的生态风险提供了有用信息。     

光合细菌强化二级流化床工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用厌氧酸化加二级流化床组合工艺处理焦化废水。一级反应器内光合细菌与兼性厌氧菌处于共生状态,二级反应器内光合细菌与亚硝酸细菌处于共生状态。一级反应器内光合细菌有充分的小分子有机酸可降解并形成二次酸化,在二级反应器内完成进一步降解。结合反应条件：温度,pH,DO和基质浓度等,将二级反应器内硝化反应控制在亚硝化阶段,有效地保证了废水中碳源的利用。稳定运行了60 d,结果显示,出水COD和NH₃-N浓度分别为105～135 mg/L和14～20 mg/L,去除率分别稳定在90.3%～92.5%和92%～95%。TN去除率稳定在83%～86%。酚、氰化物和BOD5的去除率均在95%以上。     

DGGE、T-RFLP、LH-PCR对两种活性污泥的微生物种群多样性分析的比较

采用基于PCR扩增的分子生态技术DGGE、T-RFLP和LH-PCR,对2种典型污水处理系统中的活性污泥（生活污泥、焦化污泥）进行微生物种群多样性分析;并以此比较3种技术的优劣,提出不同应用条件下研究方法的选择依据。根据实验结果：DGGE得到的条带较多,但误差来源也最多;T-RFLP技术较为灵敏,但需要选择适当的内切酶,严格控制酶切条件,并且文库比对误差较大;而LH-PCR操作简单,结果稳定性较高。虽然目前尚无法判断3种方法的准确性,但LH-PCR在活性污泥的微生物种群多样性分析中已显示出潜在优势。     

动态污水处理过程的多模型动态矩阵控制

针对活性污泥法污水处理系统的强耦合和动态变化特性,提出一种用于前置反硝化脱氮工艺的多模型动态矩阵(DMC)解耦控制方法;通过K-均值聚类分析法对外界入水中氨氮浓度进行聚类,获得以聚类中心为入水氨氮浓度的静态模型集合,分别设计线性DMC解耦控制器;再以当前时刻外界进水氨氮浓度和聚类中心为基本元素,构造切换函数,实现多模型切换。将该方法应用于活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)中,获得了较好的动态仿真效果。     

A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables

A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables was presented in this paper.The complete set of procedure included three steps:bioassay,cholinesterase inhibition and GLC analysis.The samples could be identified to be contaminated with pesticides if 5% of house flies was knocked down in 50 tested house flies. Those samples contaminated with pesticides needed to be detected by AChE inhibition method.The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by GLC.Recoveries ranged from 83.7% in Chinese cabbages to 105.6% in tomatoes for pyrethroids,and 84.0% in tomatoes to 102.7% in sweetbell redpeppes for organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to 7.87% for pyrethroids. and 0.33% to 9.88% for organophosphorus compounds with vegetables. The complete set of procedure has been used successfully to analyze 7000 samples collected in Beijing. About 1% of the samp     

基于污泥掺烧的某生活垃圾焚烧厂烟道气、飞灰及炉渣中的二(口恶)英特征

以我国南方某生活垃圾焚烧厂掺烧10%市政污泥的生活垃圾为研究对象,对前/后口废气、飞灰、炉渣及用于掺烧的污泥中17种二(口恶)英的含量进行了测定,并分析了其指纹分布特征.结合焚烧工况及处理设施,从生成机理角度探讨了二(口恶)英的排放特征、毒性当量浓度主成分特征及主要单体的排放因子线性关系.结果表明：掺烧10%的市政污泥后,废气中二(口恶)英的去除率为99.4%,低于国家排放标准;固体废物中二(口恶)英含量为飞灰 > 炉渣 > 污泥.这说明采用高温焚烧和"活性炭喷射+布袋除尘"装置不会影响掺烧10%污泥的达标排放.指纹分布特征表明,前口废气以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF和OCDD为主,后口废气以OCDD和OCDF为主;飞灰、炉渣及污泥中的主要单体为OCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD、OCDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF.主成分分析显示,前口废气和飞灰中的二(口恶)英毒性分布特征相似;炉渣和污泥的毒性分布特征相似;后口废气有自身的特征.这说明在相同工况条件下,经同一设施处理的废物中二(口恶)英排放特征相似.排放因子分析表明,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF和1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD和1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD与总毒性排放因子具有较强的线性关系,且呋喃类（PCDFs）强于二(口恶)英类（PCDDs）.     

炼化浓盐水处理与资源化工艺探讨＊

炼化污水深度处理回用是各炼化企业节水减排的主要措施之一。炼化企业反渗透(简称RO)污水脱盐回用装置在运行中暴露出末端高含盐污水的处置难题,影响了污水回用生产的连续运行。文章阐述近年来炼化企业高含盐污水处置现状、存在问题、国内外处理技术及发展趋势,在此基础上针对炼化企业特点,提出以热法、膜法为核心技术的浓盐水处理工艺耦合方案,为炼化企业解决污水回用瓶颈技术难题、实施污水"零排放"与发展循环经济提供借鉴与参考。     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.