Enhanced microbial reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with biochar as electron shuttle

Biochar, carbonaceous material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has been demonstrated to have electron transfer property(associated with redox active groups and multi condensed aromatic moiety), and to be also involved in biogeochemical redox reactions. In this study, the enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1(MR-1) in the presence of biochars with different pyrolysis temperatures(300 to 800 °C) was investigated to understand how biochar interacts with Cr(VI) reducing bacteria ...     

不同试验条件下高铁路基基床累积变形差异探究∗

探索循环列车荷载作用下基床的累积变形规律,是高速铁路建设养修的重要课题之一。借助试验分析累积变形仍是目前最可靠途径,但受不同类型试验条件客观差异影响,累积变形测试数据存在差异。为此,结合动三轴试验、室内模型试验和现场动力测试,对三种途径获取基床累积变形规律及差异进行探讨。研究结果表明：模型试验和激振试验获取累积变形较为吻合,测试累积变形曲线均呈快速、缓慢和稳定 3 阶段特征;借助动三轴试验结果构建累积变形经验公式分析结果与文献估算值接近,两者稳定时曲线均大于模型试验和现场测试,差值约为 0.7 mm;不同途径获取基床累积变形在铁路运营 3 年内均能达到稳定状态,最大值控制在 2.5 mm 以内。     

Photocatalytic water splitting of ternary graphene-like photocatalyst for the photocatalytic hydrogen production

•The MoS₂/SiC/GO composite has a strong photocatalytic activity than SiC. •The optimal catalyst yielded the highest quantum of 21.69%. •GO acts as a bridge for electron passage in photocatalytic reaction. In recent times, therehas been an increasing demand for energy which has resulted in an increased consumption of fossil fuels thereby posing a number of challenges to the environment. In the course finding possible solutions to this environmental canker, solar photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogengas has been identified as one of the most promising methods for generating renewable energy. To retard the recombination of photogenerated carriers and improve the efficiencyof photocatalysis, the present paper reports a facile method called the hydrothermal method, which was used to prepare ternary graphene-like photocatalyst. A “Design Expert” was used to investigate the influence of the loading weight of Mo and GO as well as the temperature of hydrothermal reaction and their interactions on the evolution of hydrogen (H₂) in 4 h. The experimental results showed that the ternary graphene-like photocatalyst has a strong photocatalytic hydrogen production activity compared to that of pure SiC. In particular, the catalyst added 2.5 wt% of GO weight yielded the highest quantum of 21.69 % at 400–700 nm of wavelength. The optimal evolution H₂ in 4 h conditions wasobtained as follows: The loading weight of Mo was 8.19 wt%, the loading weight of GO was 2.02 wt%, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction was 200.93°C. Under the optimum conditions, the evolution of H₂ in 4 h could reach 4.2030 mL.     

电动力学技术去除剩余污泥中铜、锌条件优化

电动力学去除剩余污泥中重金属受到多种因素的影响,其中电解电压、电极面积、电极材料等都有较大的影响,很有必要进行条件优化研究。针对存在的问题,系统的研究了电解电压、电极面积、电极材料对电动力学修复过程的影响。研究表明,影响污泥中重金属Cu和Zn去除率的因素大小顺序为:电压电极面积电极材料;采用等于或低于氢析出电压进行电动力学修复时,更有利于提高污泥中重金属去除率;增大电极面积,提高了电流强度,有利于污泥中重金属的转化、迁移,从而提高污泥中重金属去除率;研究表明,采用低于氢析出电压和惰性电极可以有效避免电极被腐蚀。     

聚合氯化铝混凝强化新生态铁锰复合氧化物吸附去除水中的磷

采用氧化-共沉淀法制备出新生态铁锰复合氧化物(FMBO),研究了单独投加FMBO和聚合氯化铝(PACl)强化FMBO吸附除磷效能及吸附磷后的颗粒物特性。结果表明,单独投加FMBO后形成的颗粒物表面带负电荷,颗粒物聚集和沉淀性能较差。PACl的投加降低了颗粒物的表面电荷,促进了颗粒物的聚集,平均粒径明显增加,改善了颗粒物的沉淀性能;通过SEM-EDAX发现,投加PACl形成的复合颗粒物表面更为粗糙,Al元素在复合颗粒物表面相对富集。PACl的投加强化了FMBO的吸附除磷效果,在实验原水条件下FMBO和PACl最佳投量分别为12和30 mg/L,此时TDP去除率高达95.6%。并且出水中Fe、Mn、Al浓度均远低于《地表水环境质量标准》中规定的限值。PACl强化新生态FMBO易于实现原位投加,在水体和水处理除磷工艺中具有较好的应用潜力。     

除氟活性铝氧化物（AlOxHy-Fn）的吸附除砷性能

以活性铝氧化物AlOxHy处理某高氟地下水的中试实验获得的吸附剂废料AlOxHy-Fn为对象,考察其对三价砷（As（Ⅲ））和五价砷（As（Ⅴ））吸附去除性能,并对吸附机理进行了探讨。研究显示,AlOxHy-Fn为多孔无定型且具有不规则表面的絮状结构,比表面积为218．88m2／g,零电荷点pHZPC在pH为8左右;AlOxHy-Fn可快速吸附As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）,且反应24h后的平衡吸附量分别为0．60和3．41mg／g,朗格缪尔模型可以很好地描述As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）在AlOxHy-Fn表面的吸附,且As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）的最大吸附容量分别为13．63和63．27mg／g;AlOxHy-Fn在pH=4～10范围内对As（Ⅴ）去除率在90％以上,As（Ⅲ）在中性和弱碱性pH范围内吸附效果较好,但去除率仍在32％以下。AlOxHy-Fn表面性质、砷形态分布特征等对As（Ⅲ）与As（Ⅴ）的吸附有重要影响,电负性As（Ⅴ）较电中性As（Ⅲ）更容易吸附在AlOxHy-Fn表面。AlOxHy-Fn吸附除砷过程中,在pH为6时氟溶出量最低（0．40mg／g）,过高或过低pH均会导致氟溶出量增大;氟溶出量与As（Ⅴ）吸附量之间有明显正相关关系（R2=0．97）,但与As（Ⅲ）吸附量无相关关系;铝溶出量在pH为4～10范围内均很低。将AlOxHy-Fn回用作为除砷吸附剂去除工业含砷废水的砷具有良好的技术经济可行性,且将As（Ⅲ）氧化为As（Ⅴ）是提高去除效果的重要手段。     

管式生物过滤器去除乙苯废气

生物过滤由于其良好的成本效益和环境友好性已经成为控制挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)含量和气味气体排放的常规技术。营养物质的均匀分布、生物膜和介质床内的气体流是成就一个性能优良的生物过滤器至关重要的因素。而由本实验室开发的管式生物过滤器(TBFs)已被证明具备此优势。本实验的管式生物过滤器以聚氨酯海绵作为填料,研究在不同有机负荷、气体停留时间(EBCT)、进气量和表面活性剂等条件下乙苯废气的去除效率(RE)。实验同时记录了管式生物过滤器启动阶段的表现。初期使附着在填料上的微生物暴露在浓度为40 mg/m3的乙苯废气中40 d,此时的气体停留时间为15 s,使微生物慢慢适应并逐步降解乙苯废气;然后连续地控制管式生物过滤器的入口乙苯浓度为40、80、120和160 mg/m3,以使有机负荷逐步升高。结果表明,乙苯去除效率随着有机负荷的增大而逐步减小。当气体停留时间从15 s增加到30 s和60 s,而有机负荷控制在38.60 g/(m3·h)时,乙苯废气去除效率略微增加。此外,随着进气量的增大乙苯废气的最大平均去除效率有所下降而此时的降解容量增大,这个过程中乙苯进气浓度保持不变。结果还表明,在营养液中加入聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚这种表面活性剂可以提高乙苯废气的去除效率。     

Phase transformation mechanism of boiler ash roasted with sodium salt for vanadium extraction

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Boiler ash, produced by burning heavy fuel oil (HFO) in electrical power plants, is one of the most serious environmental problems facing oil-rich...     

覆压及水分对含瓦斯煤体渗吸特性的影响研究

为研究外加水分条件下受载含瓦斯煤体的渗吸特性,利用自主设计的含瓦斯煤体等压渗吸实验装置对煤体中水分及瓦斯的运移进行连续监测,并在瓦斯压力恒定不变的条件下研究覆压及外加水分对煤体渗吸距离、渗吸速度以及瓦斯置换量的影响。结果表明:水分在煤体中的渗吸距离随时间增长先是快速增加,而后缓慢增大。在相同外加水分条件下,相同时刻水分的渗吸速度随覆压增大而增大;在相同覆压条件下的煤体,相同时刻水分的渗吸速度随外加水分的增大而增大;渗吸过程中水分置换出来的瓦斯量随时间变化分为3个阶段,在第1个阶段覆压和外加水分的变化对瓦斯置换量影响不大,之后的2个阶段瓦斯置换量随着外加水分和覆压的增大而增大,并逐渐达到1个极限值。