涕灭威在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附行为

通过静态吸附实验,探讨了氨基甲酸酯类农药涕灭威在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附规律.实验表明,25±1℃条件下,涕灭威在低浓度(0.2～1.5mg/L)时,在颗粒物上的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附;在2.0～15mg/L用Freundlich吸附等温线描述更合理;在20～2000mg/L,涕灭威的吸附既可以用线性等温方程式也可以用Fre-undlich等温方程式来描述.并研究了阴离子表面活性剂SDBS和非离子表面活性剂TWEEN60存在下涕灭威的吸附等温线,以及悬浮颗粒物浓度、腐殖酸、pH、盐度及微生物对涕灭威在颗粒物上吸附行为的影响.     

Catalytic dechlorination of chlorobenzene in water by Pd/Fe bimetallic system

IntroductionChlorinatedorganiccompoundshavebeenusedonalargescaleinthechemical,petrochemical,andelectronicindustries.Inrecentyears ,worldwideattentionhasbeengiventotheenvironmentalandhealthimpactofthemasaclassofcontaminants .Severalareknowntocauseozonedepletion ,whileothersproduceadverseeffectsonthehumancentralnervoussystemandhavebeenlinkedtodiseasessuchascancer.Almostallofthechlorinatedaromaticcompoundsaretoxicandthermallystable .Oncereleasedintoenvironment,theywillaccumulateinthesurroundings…     

崇明岛生态建设与环境保护规划研究

根据上海市城市总体规划，结合崇明岛实际情况，研究其发展过程中生态保护与经济发展的相互关系。提出崇明岛生态建设与环境保护的规划原则与规划目标，生态功能区划方案，人居环境建设方案，生态产业建设方案，环境污染防治规划方案，生态景观建设方案等。指出只有将生态效益和经济效益和经济效益协调统一发展，才能把崇明岛建成生态型岛屿。     

钢渣吸附剂吸附机理的研究

采用间歇振荡法,研究了钢渣吸附模式、选择性以及等温吸附方程。结果表明,钢渣对阳离子的吸附容量远远大于对阴离子的吸附容量,其吸附模式属于离子交换;其对重金属离子具有一定的吸附选择性,其选择性能与离子的电性、电价、离子半径和水化热等因素有关;钢渣吸附Pb2＋是单层吸附,符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。     

DEHP对哮喘模型大鼠气道高反应性和肺嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯[di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]在诱发哮喘和哮喘发病机理方面的作用,将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、卵清白蛋白(OVA)致敏组和DEHP染毒组,每组8只.用OVA致敏加激发的方法制作大鼠哮喘模型.DEHP染毒组分为2个组,每天分别给予0.7mg·kg-1和70mg·kg-1邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯灌胃,连续30d.OVA致敏组、DEHP染毒组大鼠均在第31d给予1%OVA雾化,诱发哮喘.第38d测定大鼠在不同氯化乙酰甲胆碱(MCH)剂量下的肺功能,进行支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数.结果显示,与OVA组相比,DEHP染毒组气道高反应性增强,嗜酸性粒细胞比例明显增多(P<0.01).因此,邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯可增强哮喘模型大鼠气道高反应性和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,可诱导哮喘的发生.     

Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials induced pulmonary surfactant inhibition, cytotoxicity, inflammation and lung fibrosis

Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.     

荣钢节水减排集成技术研究与实践

针对钢铁企业耗水量大、供水资源匮乏等问题,以荣钢集团为研究实体,调查其用水分布与工序,进行水量平衡测试及基础数据的统计,在分析荣钢水资源利用状况基础上,优化水资源配置,研究钢铁行业节水减排集成技术与实施措施,通过一水多用、串级使用、加强节水控污、建立多水源处理再生系统等方法,节约了水资源,提高了水资源的利用率,使企业节水减排取得较好的成效。     

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake, North China： Concentrations, sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.     

高选择性基因工程菌E.coli SE5000生物富集水体中的镍离子

利用基因工程菌E．coli SE5000对水体中的镍离子进行富集研究．菌体细胞对Ni^2 的富集速率很快,富集过程满足Langmuir等温线模型．经基因改造的基因工程菌不仅最大镍富集容量与原始宿主菌相比增加了4倍多,而且对pH值的变化呈现出更强的适应性．对离子强度及其它共存重金属离子的影响的实验结果表明：Na^ ,Ca^2 ,Cd^2 ,Pb^2 的影响较小,但Mg^2 ,Hg^2 ,Cr^3 和Cu^2 所引起的负面效应较大．金属螯合剂EDTA的存在对基因工程菌的富集行为影响很大．     

添加生态型植物碳源对人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的研究

目前多采用直接投放的方式在人工湿地系统中加入植物碳源,但植物碳源在初期会释放过量的有机物,造成系统出水中COD、TN偏高.为解决这一问题,选用经碱处理、热处理和简单处理3种不同方式预处理过的玉米芯植物,通过静态释放试验,探究玉米芯对有机碳、氮、磷的潜在释放能力,并在此基础上利用玉米芯制备生态型植物碳源,作为人工湿地外加...