高海拔水电水库温室气体的排放特征——以雅鲁藏布江藏木水库为例

水电水库是大气温室气体的重要来源,在一定程度上影响着区域气候变化.然而目前关于水库温室气体排放的估算仍然存在很大的不确定性,一方面原因是缺失了世界各地山区水库的数据,另一方面原因是未将受水库影响的上下游河道考虑在内.本研究重点关注雅鲁藏布江流域水电水库——藏木水库丰枯水期CO2、CH4和N2O的溶存浓度与扩散通量的时空...     

粉煤灰中氨氮的测定方法研究

从浸提、干扰去除和显色3个方面对纳氏试剂分光光度法进行优化改进,建立了一种用于粉煤灰中氨氮测定的适宜方法,并利用浸提完全度和精密度实验对该方法了进行了评价。优化后的方法为:按固液比1∶10加入0.05 mol/L H_2SO_4振荡浸提30 min,再加入1.5 mL酒石酸钾钠溶液(500 g/L)和1.5 mL NaOH溶液(5 mol/L)去除金属离子干扰,最后加入1.5 mL纳氏试剂进行显色。粉煤灰浸提后残渣的蒸馏液中未检测出氨氮,说明浸提效果较为完全。同一样品的8次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.10%,说明该方法稳定可靠。     

改进型生物质阴离子交换纤维制备及吸附性能

用氢氧化钠水溶液预处理,以乙二胺作交联剂,采用环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺对网状植物丝瓜络纤维进行化学改性,制备出改性丝瓜络阴离子交换纤维(LS-AEF),重点探讨了LS-AEF的形态特征并对其形态特征进行了表征分析,还考察了碱预处理对产品吸附水体中的NO-3的影响。研究结果表明,(1)LS-AEF引入带正电的胺基基团,可以提高对NO-3的吸附性能;(2)乙二胺剂量对产品吸附性能影响比较大,最佳剂量为9 mL,吸附率达到75%;(3)碱性预处理能够显著提高产品的吸附性能,碱处理前后的产品吸附率分别为76%和85%;(4)吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程。     

李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的性能研究简

利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地,研究了湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果。结果显示,李氏禾湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为2.50 mg/L时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度显著低于对照,说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度超标150倍（7.50 mg/L）时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准（0.05 mg/L）,表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr（Ⅵ）污染净化能力。沿程Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的变化显示,湿地系统对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低,Cr（Ⅵ）主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。     

高比表面CuO/SiO2杂化材料的制备及其催化苯酚降解性能

研究了以聚乙二醇为模板剂、采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源制备掺杂铜的多孔SiO2的方法。开发了一步完成多孔材料制备和掺杂的新工艺。研究了不同的铜元素掺杂量对样品性能的影响。采用低温氮吸附、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等方法表征了样品的比表面、孔结构和表面基团等信息。研究了所制备的多孔材料和H2O2共同降解水中苯酚的能力,探索了H2O2用量、初始pH等条件对降解效果的影响,研究发现负载铜的催化剂可以在很宽的pH范围内和H2O2协同使用,这可能是因为铜元素被牢固负载于多孔SiO2上,避免了金属离子在高pH下的沉淀反应。     

分层式潜流人工湿地水力学特性数值模拟与分析

人工湿地水力学特征对其污染物去除过程有重要影响.采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的多孔介质模型对分层式潜流人工湿地内部的流场进行模拟,并分析了不同进出口位置对湿地水力学行为的影响.模拟结果表明,分层式潜流人工湿地基质层内部速度分布的差异较大,水流多从进口端的左半部汇人下部砾石层以大于3.69×10-4m/s的速度出流...     

Biohydrogen production from dairy manures with acidification pretreatment by anaerobic fermentation

Background, aim, and scope  

Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source and has been deemed as one of the most promising carriers of new energy for the future. From an engineering point of view, producing hydrogen by mixed cultures is generally preferred because of lower cost, ease of control, and the possible use of organic waste as feedstock. The biological hydrogen production has been intensively studied in recent decades. So far, most investigates of biohydrogen production are still confined to using pure carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich wastewater. Nowadays, the large amounts of livestock manure, which come from cattle feedlots, poultry, and swine buildings, are causing a major environmental issue because it has become a primary source of odors, gases, dust, and groundwater contamination. The increasingly stringent requirements for pollution control on livestock manures are challenging the scientific community to develop new waste treatment strategies. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop nonpolluting and renewable energy source utilizing the organic waste (e.g., livestock manure). It is well known that anaerobic digestion had successfully been used for the disposal of manures to produce methane in the last two decades. Recently, an alternative strategy has been developed to convert livestock manures (e.g., dairy manures) to biohydrogen as a high value-added clean energy source instead of methane. However, little information is available on hydrogen production from dairy manure via the mixed anaerobic microbe. As far as we know, the hydrogen production is habitually accompanied with production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are also an optimal feedstock for production of methane by anaerobic digestion. Provided that the biohydrogen production from dairy manure is further combined with the anaerobic digestion of the effluent from the producing hydrogen reactor that would be a one-stone two-bird paradigm, it not only produces a clean and readily usable biologic energy but also cleans up simultaneously the environment in a sustainable fashion.     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape.     

Capacity of transportation and spread of COVID-19—an ironical fact for developed countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The widespread epidemic of the COVID-19 in developed countries such as Europe and the USA has sparked many speculations. What factors caused the rapid...     

A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments.