Waste management under multiple complexities: inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming

To tackle nonlinear economies-of-scale (EOS) effects in interval-parameter constraints for a representative waste management problem, an inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming (IPFP) model is developed. In IPFP, interval parameters for waste amounts and transportation/operation costs can be quantified; aspiration levels for net system costs, as well as tolerance intervals for both capacities of waste treatment facilities and waste generation rates can be reflected; and the nonlinear EOS effects transformed from objective function to constraints can be approximated. An interactive algorithm is proposed for solving the IPFP model, which in nature is an interval-parameter mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming model. To demonstrate the IPFP's advantages, two alternative models are developed to compare their performances. One is a conventional linear-regression-based inexact fuzzy programming model (IPFP2) and the other is an IPFP model with all right-hand-sides of fussy constraints being the corresponding interval numbers (IPFP3). The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP2 indicate that the optimized waste amounts would have the similar patterns in both models. However, when dealing with EOS effects in constraints, the IPFP2 may underestimate the net system costs while the IPFP can estimate the costs more accurately. The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP3 indicate that their solutions would be significantly different. The decreased system uncertainties in IPFP's solutions demonstrate its effectiveness for providing more satisfactory interval solutions than IPFP3. Following its first application to waste management, the IPFP can be potentially applied to other environmental problems under multiple complexities.     

秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测

通过对大量实际数据的分析,得到了影响秦皇岛市地面塌陷的主要因素有历史条件、地质条件、人为条件。在此基础上,建立了秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型,模型包括3个层次、3个条件,对研究区划分了8 070个单元格并进行计算,得到地面塌陷危险性分区结果。该地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型的预测结果符合研究区实际情况,具有较高的可信度。     

我国环境事件生发机理的Logistics回归分析

以近年来我国发生的有影响力的100个环境事件为研究对象,通过多元Logistics回归方法。利用环境污染生境、污染主体特征、污染物特征、对象敏感性、社会敏感性、治理难度和治理效果7类变量23类观测指标解析了影响环境事件发生的显著因素。以此为基础,分别给出了控制和预防大概率小损失、大概率大损失、小概率小损失和小概率大损失环境事件发生的政策建议。     

Investigation of oil vapor emission and its evaluation methods

In oil operations such as storage, loading, and unloading, there are many chances for oil vapor to be emitted from tanks, tankers or truck tanks into the air. Oil vapor emission (OVE), having serious harmful effects on people and the environment, is always an important research topic for scientists, engineers or managers engaged in the fields of oil production and transportation, fire prevention, and environmental protection. As the second greatest oil consuming country in the world, China has particular interests in investigating ways to better methods to realize and then control the OVE. In this paper, three evaluation methods for the OVE are introduced and summed up. In particular, a set of self-founded OVE’s appraisement methods, which work by theoretical deduced equations integrated with both a software PELES-2.0 and a simple correction method, was systematically investigated. This appraisement system can conveniently and accurately be applied to evaluate the OVE, and further it can also provide base references and/or guides for the law makers, enterprise managers and equipment developers in controlling OVEs.     

关于新乡市建设资源节约型环境友好型城市的思考

建设和实现美丽中国是一个系统工程,要通过建设资源节约型环境友好型城市这一重大举措来实现。根据新乡市高能耗、高物耗、高污染的产业仍占较大比重,粗放型的经济增长方式没有得到根本转变的现实情况,提出了建设资源节约型环境友好型城市应着重解决的几个问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,对于新乡市加快经济结构调整,实现可持续发展和全面建成小康社会的目标具有重要意义。     

基于无线通讯技术的起重机抬吊同步控制系统改进

本文介绍了基于无线工业以太网通讯的可编程同步检测系统结构和设计方法、同步功能的检测原理及实现方法、调试和操作方法。通过在控制系统中加入信号反馈,将两台起重机的控制执行器信号和末端机械传动的差异值进行反馈跟踪,组成具有反馈功能的抬吊控制系统,在监測到执行器异步或末端传动异步现象时及时控制两车同步停止,从而避免吊物坠落等吊运事故的发生。     

成都粘土去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

文章以成都粘土作为氨氮吸附剂,通过单因素探讨了用土量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、pH和静置时间5个因素对氨氮去除率的影响。研究表明,在用土量m=50 g/L,pH=8.0的条件下,以r=100 r/min搅拌40 min,并静置24 h后,粘土对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率可达到23.97%,粘土单位氨氮吸附率为7.14 mg/g。实验表明,粘土可有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,更便于生化法在后续处理中的应用,将其与生化法、矿物吸附法等物理方法组合使用,能更好地处理垃圾渗滤液。     

CO_2倍增和气候变化对北京山区栓皮栎林NPP影响研究

应用生物地球化学过程模型BIOME-BGC估算了1977—1992年北京妙峰山栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）林的净第一性生产力（NPP）,并分析气候对NPP年际变化的影响以及未来气候变化情景下对NPP的影响。结果表明：1977—1992年15年间栓皮栎的NPP（以C计）平均值为340.17g·m-2·a-1,NPP（以C计）变化在143.56～431.56g·m-2·a-1之间,并无明显的整体变化趋势,但表现出明显的年际变化,年际变动率达18%。在这段时间内降水量成为控制栓皮栎林NPP年际变化的主要气候因子。通过设置18种不同未来气候方案进行栓皮栎林NPP模拟表明,CO2浓度加倍会降低栓皮栎林的NPP但降低幅度较小。在CO2浓度不变的情况下,温度升高2.0℃和降水的协同增加以及单个因子的增加都有利于NPP的积累,但协同增加不如单个因子的增加对NPP的积累效应明显;在CO2和气候同时改变的情况下,CO2浓度加倍、温度升高2.0℃和降水的协同增加有利于NPP的积累且协同增加比单个因子的增加对NPP的积累效应明显,但各因子之间交互作用较弱。